1 00:00:06,230 --> 00:00:02,450 250 science and research investigations 2 00:00:07,369 --> 00:00:06,240 that will occur on expedition 56 today 3 00:00:08,600 --> 00:00:07,379 we're going to hear from some of the 4 00:00:10,879 --> 00:00:08,610 people that have worked to make this 5 00:00:13,430 --> 00:00:10,889 mission a success if you have any 6 00:00:16,310 --> 00:00:13,440 questions for us out there in TV land 7 00:00:19,580 --> 00:00:16,320 please reach out via twitter at hashtag 8 00:00:21,200 --> 00:00:19,590 ask NASA and to begin our program we're 9 00:00:23,300 --> 00:00:21,210 going to see a video from the Center for 10 00:00:26,710 --> 00:00:23,310 the Advancement of science at space 11 00:00:29,900 --> 00:00:26,720 often refer to as cases the National Lab 12 00:00:37,819 --> 00:00:29,910 is run by cases on the International 13 00:00:40,340 --> 00:00:37,829 Space Station this launch represents the 14 00:00:42,080 --> 00:00:40,350 15th resupply mission by SpaceX to the 15 00:00:43,430 --> 00:00:42,090 International Space Station this mission 16 00:00:44,840 --> 00:00:43,440 is truly packed with an incredible 17 00:00:47,900 --> 00:00:44,850 amount of research that has the capacity 18 00:00:49,100 --> 00:00:47,910 benefit life on Earth let's find out a 19 00:00:50,720 --> 00:00:49,110 little bit more about some of the 20 00:00:52,459 --> 00:00:50,730 payloads that are destined to the space 21 00:00:57,080 --> 00:00:52,469 station on this mission sponsored by the 22 00:01:01,280 --> 00:00:59,540 ngx is an innovative startup based in 23 00:01:03,710 --> 00:01:01,290 cambridge massachusetts looking to 24 00:01:05,780 --> 00:01:03,720 improve cancer patient care ngx has 25 00:01:07,550 --> 00:01:05,790 created a novel cancer therapy targeting 26 00:01:10,400 --> 00:01:07,560 a protein in the proliferation of 27 00:01:12,620 --> 00:01:10,410 endothelial cells which line the walls 28 00:01:14,360 --> 00:01:12,630 of blood vessels this project seeks to 29 00:01:16,760 --> 00:01:14,370 evaluate if these cells culture to 30 00:01:18,830 --> 00:01:16,770 microgravity represent a valid system to 31 00:01:23,120 --> 00:01:18,840 test the effects of vascular targeted 32 00:01:24,500 --> 00:01:23,130 cancer drugs on normal blood vessels the 33 00:01:27,260 --> 00:01:24,510 University of Florida has a rich history 34 00:01:28,820 --> 00:01:27,270 in plant biology research now a new 35 00:01:30,700 --> 00:01:28,830 University of Florida plant biology 36 00:01:32,780 --> 00:01:30,710 investigation seeks to develop 37 00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:32,790 electrochemical cells suitable for 38 00:01:36,920 --> 00:01:35,010 spaceflight to study instability under 39 00:01:38,690 --> 00:01:36,930 microgravity conditions the 40 00:01:41,030 --> 00:01:38,700 investigation could ultimately develop 41 00:01:42,890 --> 00:01:41,040 algae that can help sustain both a low 42 00:01:46,790 --> 00:01:42,900 Earth orbit space economy and long 43 00:01:48,200 --> 00:01:46,800 duration deep space missions the 44 00:01:50,150 --> 00:01:48,210 University of California Santa Barbara 45 00:01:52,370 --> 00:01:50,160 in association with the National Science 46 00:01:53,960 --> 00:01:52,380 Foundation is sending a project focused 47 00:01:57,070 --> 00:01:53,970 on the study of forces between particles 48 00:01:59,330 --> 00:01:57,080 they cluster together in microgravity 49 00:02:01,639 --> 00:01:59,340 investigators can observe how particles 50 00:02:03,620 --> 00:02:01,649 cluster over long timescales without 51 00:02:05,930 --> 00:02:03,630 gravitational settling which complicates 52 00:02:07,460 --> 00:02:05,940 measurements taken under this work has 53 00:02:08,719 --> 00:02:07,470 several important applications that will 54 00:02:10,820 --> 00:02:08,729 benefit life on Earth including 55 00:02:12,980 --> 00:02:10,830 ecosystem modeling deep water 56 00:02:16,040 --> 00:02:12,990 hydrocarbon exploration sequestration 57 00:02:19,400 --> 00:02:16,050 and mobilization of contaminants among 58 00:02:21,170 --> 00:02:19,410 others there are multiple student 59 00:02:23,300 --> 00:02:21,180 organizations supporting education 60 00:02:24,920 --> 00:02:23,310 investigations intended to stimulate and 61 00:02:26,990 --> 00:02:24,930 engage the next generation on this 62 00:02:28,580 --> 00:02:27,000 mission one such group is the student 63 00:02:30,559 --> 00:02:28,590 Space Flight experiments program in 64 00:02:31,730 --> 00:02:30,569 partnership with dream up and hardware 65 00:02:33,650 --> 00:02:31,740 developer NanoRacks 66 00:02:35,960 --> 00:02:33,660 this collection of students around the 67 00:02:39,750 --> 00:02:35,970 world will send over 30 separate student 68 00:02:43,420 --> 00:02:41,949 this is just a small portion of the 69 00:02:45,130 --> 00:02:43,430 incredible amount of research that it's 70 00:02:46,960 --> 00:02:45,140 destined for the space station as part 71 00:02:48,520 --> 00:02:46,970 of this mission to learn more about all 72 00:02:49,899 --> 00:02:48,530 the payloads on this mission or to learn 73 00:02:53,110 --> 00:02:49,909 how to become part of the space station 74 00:03:02,619 --> 00:02:53,120 research community visit ISS - cases 75 00:03:04,960 --> 00:03:02,629 ordered from NASA's Johnson Space Center 76 00:03:06,399 --> 00:03:04,970 please welcome David Brady the assistant 77 00:03:09,369 --> 00:03:06,409 program scientist for the International 78 00:03:11,349 --> 00:03:09,379 Space Station program and the deputy 79 00:03:16,270 --> 00:03:11,359 chief scientist from cases dr. Mike 80 00:03:18,220 --> 00:03:16,280 Roberts thanks Greg appreciate it hey 81 00:03:20,110 --> 00:03:18,230 I'm happy to hear you all see y'all here 82 00:03:21,369 --> 00:03:20,120 today it's wonderful to have a packed 83 00:03:23,589 --> 00:03:21,379 room even though I'm sorry we couldn't 84 00:03:25,629 --> 00:03:23,599 give you all seats but it's really neat 85 00:03:27,309 --> 00:03:25,639 to see the interest here I'm gonna talk 86 00:03:29,080 --> 00:03:27,319 a little bit about perspective I'm not 87 00:03:30,580 --> 00:03:29,090 gonna talk so much about the details of 88 00:03:32,080 --> 00:03:30,590 the research investigations I'm going to 89 00:03:34,030 --> 00:03:32,090 leave that to the investigators to talk 90 00:03:35,800 --> 00:03:34,040 about but I was thinking about my flight 91 00:03:37,179 --> 00:03:35,810 out here from Houston to Orlando some 92 00:03:39,789 --> 00:03:37,189 different things first of all how the 93 00:03:43,360 --> 00:03:39,799 human mind seeks to understand things 94 00:03:44,979 --> 00:03:43,370 how we seek to create new things and a 95 00:03:46,240 --> 00:03:44,989 lot of times we get that from a change 96 00:03:48,009 --> 00:03:46,250 of perspective or a change of 97 00:03:49,990 --> 00:03:48,019 environment and that's one of the things 98 00:03:51,400 --> 00:03:50,000 that the lab aboard the International 99 00:03:52,559 --> 00:03:51,410 Space Station provides is that we 100 00:03:54,729 --> 00:03:52,569 provide a unique environment 101 00:03:56,830 --> 00:03:54,739 specifically microgravity space 102 00:03:58,569 --> 00:03:56,840 radiation and for external payloads a 103 00:04:01,390 --> 00:03:58,579 vantage point and the external 104 00:04:02,649 --> 00:04:01,400 environment as well so some of the 105 00:04:04,869 --> 00:04:02,659 things I was thinking about coming out 106 00:04:07,300 --> 00:04:04,879 here with regards to the the folks we 107 00:04:08,409 --> 00:04:07,310 have here today is the first thing I was 108 00:04:10,899 --> 00:04:08,419 thinking is you know when I first 109 00:04:12,580 --> 00:04:10,909 started flying on an airliner telephones 110 00:04:15,039 --> 00:04:12,590 were things that hung off of walls and 111 00:04:16,330 --> 00:04:15,049 sat on tables and an address book and a 112 00:04:18,580 --> 00:04:16,340 calendar was something you pulled out a 113 00:04:20,170 --> 00:04:18,590 pin and you wrote in - and a camera you 114 00:04:22,029 --> 00:04:20,180 stuck film in it then you took it down 115 00:04:24,939 --> 00:04:22,039 to you know drugstore to get it get it 116 00:04:26,500 --> 00:04:24,949 to process but now we all have this 117 00:04:29,649 --> 00:04:26,510 little thing that you could rightfully 118 00:04:31,089 --> 00:04:29,659 call a mobile companion that we use in 119 00:04:33,610 --> 00:04:31,099 our everyday lives for all these 120 00:04:35,050 --> 00:04:33,620 functions and even more so I'm excited 121 00:04:36,939 --> 00:04:35,060 that today y'all are going to hear from 122 00:04:39,129 --> 00:04:36,949 some folks on the mobile companion 123 00:04:41,080 --> 00:04:39,139 investigation to talk about how we're 124 00:04:43,450 --> 00:04:41,090 going to take hardware and software and 125 00:04:45,070 --> 00:04:43,460 apply that to provide a mobile companion 126 00:04:47,200 --> 00:04:45,080 for our flight crews in order to make 127 00:04:49,209 --> 00:04:47,210 their lives safer make their work more 128 00:04:51,310 --> 00:04:49,219 efficient and hopefully in the future 129 00:04:53,170 --> 00:04:51,320 make their environment more pleasant as 130 00:04:54,880 --> 00:04:53,180 well so 131 00:04:56,980 --> 00:04:54,890 of course I'm working on my cellphone on 132 00:04:58,450 --> 00:04:56,990 the airliner and I'm up at 39,000 feet 133 00:05:00,940 --> 00:04:58,460 and I'm sitting there you know munching 134 00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:00,950 on my pretzel and you know pretzel is 135 00:05:04,810 --> 00:05:02,810 actually a really simple thing but 136 00:05:07,570 --> 00:05:04,820 there's a lot of science and engineering 137 00:05:09,280 --> 00:05:07,580 this little guy here I mean if you think 138 00:05:11,290 --> 00:05:09,290 about it there's a biology there's 139 00:05:14,170 --> 00:05:11,300 chemistry and there's physics in this 140 00:05:16,390 --> 00:05:14,180 because at some point someone had to say 141 00:05:18,430 --> 00:05:16,400 hey I think I'm gonna go grab that fruit 142 00:05:20,140 --> 00:05:18,440 off that plant in the field and I'm 143 00:05:22,690 --> 00:05:20,150 gonna haul it in and I'm gonna grind it 144 00:05:25,120 --> 00:05:22,700 up and then I'm gonna chemically mix it 145 00:05:26,650 --> 00:05:25,130 with some other substances and then I'm 146 00:05:28,570 --> 00:05:26,660 gonna apply heat to it and I'm gonna 147 00:05:30,240 --> 00:05:28,580 create something that's useful and tasty 148 00:05:32,380 --> 00:05:30,250 you know something that I like and so 149 00:05:34,120 --> 00:05:32,390 fortunately we've gotten smarter in 150 00:05:36,340 --> 00:05:34,130 nowadays it doesn't take us years and 151 00:05:38,320 --> 00:05:36,350 years and years to develop an item but 152 00:05:40,000 --> 00:05:38,330 what are the investigations you're gonna 153 00:05:42,670 --> 00:05:40,010 see today they're gonna use the unique 154 00:05:44,920 --> 00:05:42,680 microgravity environment onboard the 155 00:05:46,960 --> 00:05:44,930 space station in order to study the 156 00:05:48,040 --> 00:05:46,970 physics of nanotubes so chemical Gardens 157 00:05:50,950 --> 00:05:48,050 will be come in to talk to y'all about 158 00:05:52,990 --> 00:05:50,960 that a little bit later so again I'm on 159 00:05:54,460 --> 00:05:53,000 the airliner I'm up at 39,000 feet I'm 160 00:05:56,670 --> 00:05:54,470 working on my cell phone I'm eating my 161 00:05:59,050 --> 00:05:56,680 pretzels and I'm looking out the window 162 00:06:00,730 --> 00:05:59,060 looking out the window is not something 163 00:06:01,870 --> 00:06:00,740 I've done my entire business life 164 00:06:04,300 --> 00:06:01,880 because when I first started doing 165 00:06:05,920 --> 00:06:04,310 business travel my inclination was no I 166 00:06:08,440 --> 00:06:05,930 want to sit on the aisle and wear the 167 00:06:11,350 --> 00:06:08,450 snack tray is the trash can is you know 168 00:06:12,580 --> 00:06:11,360 the restrooms are and all that once my 169 00:06:14,560 --> 00:06:12,590 daughter started flying though she 170 00:06:15,490 --> 00:06:14,570 always wanted to sit by the window and I 171 00:06:16,960 --> 00:06:15,500 said why do you want to sit by the 172 00:06:19,810 --> 00:06:16,970 window and she says because of the 173 00:06:21,250 --> 00:06:19,820 awesome view so that's one of the things 174 00:06:22,750 --> 00:06:21,260 we provided with Space Station 175 00:06:25,000 --> 00:06:22,760 especially for our earth science and our 176 00:06:26,500 --> 00:06:25,010 space science folks is the awesome view 177 00:06:28,710 --> 00:06:26,510 of Earth and you're gonna hear from the 178 00:06:30,400 --> 00:06:28,720 Eco stress folks today about their 179 00:06:33,310 --> 00:06:30,410 investigation they're doing the research 180 00:06:34,930 --> 00:06:33,320 they're doing about water in plants so 181 00:06:37,960 --> 00:06:34,940 finally the other thing I like about 182 00:06:39,250 --> 00:06:37,970 flying between Houston Orlando as part 183 00:06:40,600 --> 00:06:39,260 of the awesome you'll meet my pretzels 184 00:06:42,550 --> 00:06:40,610 I'm looking working on my cell phone I'm 185 00:06:44,110 --> 00:06:42,560 looking out the window is when you fly 186 00:06:46,240 --> 00:06:44,120 right over the mouth of the Mississippi 187 00:06:48,490 --> 00:06:46,250 River and if you've never done that it's 188 00:06:50,350 --> 00:06:48,500 just amazing the amount of sediment the 189 00:06:53,020 --> 00:06:50,360 amount of effluent that's coming out of 190 00:06:54,550 --> 00:06:53,030 the mouth of the river and that is part 191 00:06:56,620 --> 00:06:54,560 of our ecological and geological 192 00:06:58,480 --> 00:06:56,630 processes and understanding that is 193 00:07:00,520 --> 00:06:58,490 really important but the problem is is 194 00:07:02,410 --> 00:07:00,530 that on earth all those sediments in a 195 00:07:03,940 --> 00:07:02,420 lab tend to settle really fast because 196 00:07:06,160 --> 00:07:03,950 of gravity so we're gonna have some 197 00:07:07,020 --> 00:07:06,170 folks here today from beak at sea s to 198 00:07:08,520 --> 00:07:07,030 talk to you a little bit 199 00:07:10,950 --> 00:07:08,530 about how they're using the unique 200 00:07:12,930 --> 00:07:10,960 environment onboard the space station in 201 00:07:14,430 --> 00:07:12,940 order to study those processes that they 202 00:07:16,830 --> 00:07:14,440 understand them better and be able to 203 00:07:18,270 --> 00:07:16,840 apply them back here on earth so last 204 00:07:20,220 --> 00:07:18,280 thing I want to mention is a shout-out 205 00:07:21,890 --> 00:07:20,230 to our robotics folks although they're 206 00:07:24,630 --> 00:07:21,900 technically not part of our research 207 00:07:26,220 --> 00:07:24,640 investigations the building of the space 208 00:07:28,020 --> 00:07:26,230 station the operating in the space 209 00:07:29,940 --> 00:07:28,030 station would not be possible without 210 00:07:32,010 --> 00:07:29,950 the robotics technology and I'm also 211 00:07:33,900 --> 00:07:32,020 very proud to say that that robotics 212 00:07:35,640 --> 00:07:33,910 technology has come home and has been 213 00:07:37,680 --> 00:07:35,650 adapted so that there are medical 214 00:07:39,390 --> 00:07:37,690 procedures that could not be done prior 215 00:07:41,400 --> 00:07:39,400 to this technology being developed and 216 00:07:43,140 --> 00:07:41,410 so it's making people's lives on Earth a 217 00:07:44,220 --> 00:07:43,150 lot better so along those lines I'm 218 00:07:47,070 --> 00:07:44,230 going to turn it over to Mike now to 219 00:07:48,420 --> 00:07:47,080 talk about the National Lab stuff thanks 220 00:07:50,280 --> 00:07:48,430 David it's difficult to pick up 221 00:07:53,580 --> 00:07:50,290 following pretzel logic but I'll do my 222 00:07:55,830 --> 00:07:53,590 best sir first of all welcome you saw 223 00:07:58,530 --> 00:07:55,840 the opening video with the lovely face 224 00:08:01,080 --> 00:07:58,540 of Patrick O'Neil talking about what 225 00:08:02,730 --> 00:08:01,090 cases is and I wanted to highlight just 226 00:08:04,560 --> 00:08:02,740 a couple of other experiments that are 227 00:08:07,020 --> 00:08:04,570 going up on that explain to you a little 228 00:08:09,780 --> 00:08:07,030 bit about the great excitement that I 229 00:08:11,730 --> 00:08:09,790 share with Dave in our partnership with 230 00:08:13,920 --> 00:08:11,740 NASA in managing the International Space 231 00:08:15,150 --> 00:08:13,930 Station National Lab so as Dave 232 00:08:16,560 --> 00:08:15,160 mentioned the International Space 233 00:08:18,930 --> 00:08:16,570 Station is many things to many different 234 00:08:20,940 --> 00:08:18,940 people but from the viewpoint of 235 00:08:22,920 --> 00:08:20,950 investigators and technology developers 236 00:08:25,620 --> 00:08:22,930 it offers opportunities unique 237 00:08:27,270 --> 00:08:25,630 opportunities that are one-of-a-kind off 238 00:08:29,700 --> 00:08:27,280 this world opportunities to test 239 00:08:31,680 --> 00:08:29,710 technology to demonstrate the validity 240 00:08:34,050 --> 00:08:31,690 of technologies and to do fundamental 241 00:08:35,850 --> 00:08:34,060 basic research that is of interest not 242 00:08:37,440 --> 00:08:35,860 only to NASA and the international 243 00:08:39,750 --> 00:08:37,450 partners who work in the space room all 244 00:08:41,610 --> 00:08:39,760 the time but to investigators who work 245 00:08:42,870 --> 00:08:41,620 here on earth so among those are 246 00:08:45,180 --> 00:08:42,880 experiments you'll hear more about later 247 00:08:47,730 --> 00:08:45,190 that are sponsored and funded by the 248 00:08:49,380 --> 00:08:47,740 National Science Foundation that are 249 00:08:52,079 --> 00:08:49,390 flying projects that are exploring the 250 00:08:53,640 --> 00:08:52,089 fundamental physics of materials in the 251 00:08:56,579 --> 00:08:53,650 space environment using the be ket's 252 00:08:58,110 --> 00:08:56,589 apparatus developed by implementation 253 00:09:00,930 --> 00:08:58,120 partners that have supported nasa for 254 00:09:02,610 --> 00:09:00,940 years there are a multitude of student 255 00:09:04,829 --> 00:09:02,620 Space Flight experiments that Patrick 256 00:09:06,990 --> 00:09:04,839 touched on that are leveraging the 257 00:09:09,990 --> 00:09:07,000 imagination of youngsters and their 258 00:09:12,390 --> 00:09:10,000 excitement about not only thinking about 259 00:09:15,210 --> 00:09:12,400 space but actually designing experiments 260 00:09:17,130 --> 00:09:15,220 and taking them from the drafting page 261 00:09:18,750 --> 00:09:17,140 all the way through to execution and 262 00:09:20,100 --> 00:09:18,760 then actually analyzing data from that 263 00:09:22,440 --> 00:09:20,110 spaceflight environment 264 00:09:24,450 --> 00:09:22,450 and you also learn about some companies 265 00:09:26,940 --> 00:09:24,460 that are supporting commercial research 266 00:09:28,980 --> 00:09:26,950 activities one of those is a commercial 267 00:09:31,260 --> 00:09:28,990 platform uses it's developed by Teledyne 268 00:09:33,840 --> 00:09:31,270 Brown engineering and will have its 269 00:09:36,030 --> 00:09:33,850 first payload hosted from DLR today so 270 00:09:38,880 --> 00:09:36,040 we are now seeing in the space 271 00:09:40,440 --> 00:09:38,890 environment this opportunity for sharing 272 00:09:42,150 --> 00:09:40,450 of space and for building new 273 00:09:45,030 --> 00:09:42,160 opportunities in that space environment 274 00:09:46,970 --> 00:09:45,040 by collaboration between federal funding 275 00:09:49,200 --> 00:09:46,980 agencies that are sponsoring research 276 00:09:51,030 --> 00:09:49,210 commercial companies that are sponsoring 277 00:09:53,100 --> 00:09:51,040 R&D activities that are of interest to 278 00:09:55,080 --> 00:09:53,110 their portfolio and the continued 279 00:09:56,880 --> 00:09:55,090 success of NASA in demonstrating the 280 00:09:59,220 --> 00:09:56,890 utility of having this orbiting 281 00:10:01,440 --> 00:09:59,230 laboratory operating in the harshness of 282 00:10:03,090 --> 00:10:01,450 space in microgravity all the time 283 00:10:05,310 --> 00:10:03,100 and with that I'd like to queue the 284 00:10:07,200 --> 00:10:05,320 video go into a little bit deeper about 285 00:10:08,820 --> 00:10:07,210 one of the commercial payloads that will 286 00:10:11,040 --> 00:10:08,830 be operating onboard the International 287 00:10:16,620 --> 00:10:11,050 Space Station sponsored by the ISS 288 00:10:20,150 --> 00:10:16,630 National Lab we're trying to make a 289 00:10:24,580 --> 00:10:20,160 therapy that can address 90% of cancers 290 00:10:27,079 --> 00:10:24,590 and make make cancer a non fatal disease 291 00:10:30,379 --> 00:10:27,089 [Music] 292 00:10:35,269 --> 00:10:30,389 in the US over one-third of people go on 293 00:10:38,869 --> 00:10:35,279 to develop cancer in their lifetime my 294 00:10:41,629 --> 00:10:38,879 mother died of cancer and she died at 295 00:10:43,759 --> 00:10:41,639 age 33 when I was 10 years old wasn't 296 00:10:46,879 --> 00:10:43,769 able to do anything for her when she was 297 00:10:49,209 --> 00:10:46,889 alive but I can at least have made my 298 00:10:53,769 --> 00:10:49,219 contribution to all the future mothers 299 00:10:59,929 --> 00:10:56,299 microgravity is providing a good model 300 00:11:02,359 --> 00:10:59,939 for us to study hall drugs are targeting 301 00:11:05,029 --> 00:11:02,369 normal blood vessels and to test our 302 00:11:08,299 --> 00:11:05,039 cancer therapy this model our approach 303 00:11:10,639 --> 00:11:08,309 destroys both the tumor cells and the 304 00:11:14,179 --> 00:11:10,649 tumor blood vessels simultaneously and 305 00:11:16,489 --> 00:11:14,189 the whole tumor dies for lack of oxygen 306 00:11:18,589 --> 00:11:16,499 and nutrients we notice astronauts have 307 00:11:21,739 --> 00:11:18,599 more cardiovascular disease but less 308 00:11:23,749 --> 00:11:21,749 cancer and we notice endothelial cells 309 00:11:26,419 --> 00:11:23,759 which are the type of cells that make up 310 00:11:28,039 --> 00:11:26,429 blood vessels didn't grow in space so 311 00:11:29,719 --> 00:11:28,049 we're sending up a bunch of endothelial 312 00:11:31,669 --> 00:11:29,729 cells we're going to treat them with our 313 00:11:33,469 --> 00:11:31,679 drug and we want to see if and a few 314 00:11:37,519 --> 00:11:33,479 your cells in space are different than 315 00:11:40,219 --> 00:11:37,529 on the ground and justice mission is to 316 00:11:44,839 --> 00:11:40,229 cure cancer and microgravity may provide 317 00:11:46,849 --> 00:11:44,849 that opportunity is one of the to 318 00:11:49,519 --> 00:11:46,859 conclude ngx came to us through the mass 319 00:11:52,159 --> 00:11:49,529 challenge program so in partnership with 320 00:11:53,809 --> 00:11:52,169 Boeing casus and Boeing are able to 321 00:11:57,079 --> 00:11:53,819 offer opportunities for small 322 00:11:58,989 --> 00:11:57,089 entrepreneurial startups who have new 323 00:12:01,999 --> 00:11:58,999 ideas innovative new ways to develop 324 00:12:03,919 --> 00:12:02,009 therapies such as for cancer to develop 325 00:12:06,049 --> 00:12:03,929 new medical devices and other advances 326 00:12:07,969 --> 00:12:06,059 in technology that can directly utilize 327 00:12:10,069 --> 00:12:07,979 the international space station National 328 00:12:10,969 --> 00:12:10,079 Lab so we're excited for the launch 329 00:12:13,039 --> 00:12:10,979 tomorrow morning 330 00:12:14,479 --> 00:12:13,049 everybody I hope is anxious to get up at 331 00:12:18,829 --> 00:12:14,489 3:00 in the morning to get their spot 332 00:12:20,719 --> 00:12:18,839 and get started great so great overview 333 00:12:23,289 --> 00:12:20,729 gentlemen thank you so much does anybody 334 00:12:25,909 --> 00:12:23,299 have any questions for Mike or David 335 00:12:31,750 --> 00:12:25,919 please yeah wait for a microphone to 336 00:12:36,970 --> 00:12:33,820 Jim Siegel I'm with Space Flight Insider 337 00:12:40,840 --> 00:12:36,980 I'm interested in roughly how many 338 00:12:44,800 --> 00:12:40,850 discrete experiments or investigations 339 00:12:48,310 --> 00:12:44,810 are onboard this this flight both from 340 00:12:52,690 --> 00:12:48,320 the cases point of view and from the 341 00:12:53,980 --> 00:12:52,700 total manifest point of view I'll have 342 00:12:56,440 --> 00:12:53,990 to get back you with a total number 343 00:12:58,840 --> 00:12:56,450 because I focus mainly on the new ones 344 00:13:00,850 --> 00:12:58,850 but I know there's 27 new ones going up 345 00:13:04,060 --> 00:13:00,860 and I believe as mentioned before that 346 00:13:05,110 --> 00:13:04,070 those contribute to a total of over 300 347 00:13:13,090 --> 00:13:05,120 that will be operating during 348 00:13:16,690 --> 00:13:13,100 expeditions 55 and 56 and are both cases 349 00:13:19,480 --> 00:13:16,700 and and yes so for the ISS National Lab 350 00:13:25,660 --> 00:13:19,490 side there's 20 payloads that represent 351 00:13:27,850 --> 00:13:25,670 over 50 experiments have a question back 352 00:13:40,290 --> 00:13:27,860 here just one moment for the microphone 353 00:13:44,980 --> 00:13:43,150 can you talk about a couple of the 354 00:13:48,190 --> 00:13:44,990 student projects that are going up and 355 00:13:51,640 --> 00:13:50,290 so we're very excited about all the 356 00:13:53,920 --> 00:13:51,650 student projects that are going up so I 357 00:13:56,530 --> 00:13:53,930 don't want to pick on any one of them in 358 00:13:58,480 --> 00:13:56,540 particular but there are a few that are 359 00:13:59,950 --> 00:13:58,490 looking actually at kidney cells and the 360 00:14:02,200 --> 00:13:59,960 microgravity environment so you heard 361 00:14:04,269 --> 00:14:02,210 from Angie X and others that there's a 362 00:14:06,400 --> 00:14:04,279 lot of interest in removing gravity from 363 00:14:09,090 --> 00:14:06,410 the growth of cells that has advantages 364 00:14:11,829 --> 00:14:09,100 and disadvantages at a fundamental level 365 00:14:14,010 --> 00:14:11,839 some students are looking at simply ways 366 00:14:16,360 --> 00:14:14,020 to culture cells in that environment and 367 00:14:18,490 --> 00:14:16,370 monitoring their oxygen uptake and 368 00:14:20,380 --> 00:14:18,500 ability to metabolize in that 369 00:14:22,180 --> 00:14:20,390 environment so we have a variety 370 00:14:23,500 --> 00:14:22,190 experiments on this missions and others 371 00:14:26,230 --> 00:14:23,510 before those that have focused either on 372 00:14:28,030 --> 00:14:26,240 human cells in culture which is 373 00:14:30,670 --> 00:14:28,040 something that I wasn't able to do when 374 00:14:32,260 --> 00:14:30,680 I was in high school or plant cell 375 00:14:34,360 --> 00:14:32,270 culture we've had quite a few 376 00:14:36,100 --> 00:14:34,370 experiments that have focused on growth 377 00:14:39,910 --> 00:14:36,110 of algae and microalgae in that 378 00:14:41,769 --> 00:14:39,920 environment as well and the cost of 379 00:14:43,329 --> 00:14:41,779 admission for students to those is 380 00:14:46,150 --> 00:14:43,339 drastically down now through 381 00:14:48,820 --> 00:14:46,160 partnerships with dream up NanoRacks 382 00:14:50,980 --> 00:14:48,830 based hango there are a lot of companies 383 00:14:52,870 --> 00:14:50,990 now that are directly engaged with high 384 00:14:55,900 --> 00:14:52,880 schools to work with students and 385 00:14:57,820 --> 00:14:55,910 student mentors to develop projects and 386 00:14:59,620 --> 00:14:57,830 the price point for them getting in is 387 00:15:01,329 --> 00:14:59,630 now to the point where high school 388 00:15:04,090 --> 00:15:01,339 students working out of their basement 389 00:15:07,920 --> 00:15:04,100 can almost fund their own their own 390 00:15:10,120 --> 00:15:07,930 small lab to go up it's an exciting time 391 00:15:12,400 --> 00:15:10,130 anybody else have a question for micro 392 00:15:17,620 --> 00:15:12,410 David yes back here please wait for the 393 00:15:19,510 --> 00:15:17,630 microphone in terms of the projects that 394 00:15:22,449 --> 00:15:19,520 go up is there a combination between 395 00:15:25,780 --> 00:15:22,459 things that the space station wants to 396 00:15:28,840 --> 00:15:25,790 have happen and private industry wanting 397 00:15:31,210 --> 00:15:28,850 to or do have specific numbers of we 398 00:15:32,500 --> 00:15:31,220 have room for outside experiments and 399 00:15:35,019 --> 00:15:32,510 then specific things that you want to 400 00:15:37,120 --> 00:15:35,029 have happen the way the research is 401 00:15:39,910 --> 00:15:37,130 divided with regards to sponsorship is 402 00:15:42,280 --> 00:15:39,920 that among the American research it's 403 00:15:44,410 --> 00:15:42,290 split 50-50 between the national lab and 404 00:15:46,240 --> 00:15:44,420 NASA and then in addition to that we 405 00:15:49,269 --> 00:15:46,250 also have our international partners as 406 00:15:50,619 --> 00:15:49,279 well that participate 407 00:15:53,499 --> 00:15:50,629 in there folks that are looking to add 408 00:15:56,170 --> 00:15:53,509 new capabilities all the time so we want 409 00:15:58,389 --> 00:15:56,180 to continue to exceed the capacity of 410 00:16:00,189 --> 00:15:58,399 the International Space Station and see 411 00:16:01,449 --> 00:16:00,199 it grow and there are already companies 412 00:16:03,040 --> 00:16:01,459 that are coming up with innovative new 413 00:16:05,170 --> 00:16:03,050 ways to get even more science and 414 00:16:07,480 --> 00:16:05,180 technology they're more innovative ways 415 00:16:10,689 --> 00:16:07,490 to return samples back to earth quickly 416 00:16:13,030 --> 00:16:10,699 and ways to communicate data back 417 00:16:14,590 --> 00:16:13,040 between Earth and the International 418 00:16:17,309 --> 00:16:14,600 Space Station or more rapid manner so 419 00:16:19,480 --> 00:16:17,319 right now is the time to see that grow 420 00:16:27,600 --> 00:16:19,490 great we have time for just one more 421 00:16:33,900 --> 00:16:30,309 we hear a lot about the the Space 422 00:16:37,360 --> 00:16:33,910 Station program being wound down or 423 00:16:38,590 --> 00:16:37,370 defunded or shut down is there anything 424 00:16:41,889 --> 00:16:38,600 you could tell us about that and maybe 425 00:16:46,269 --> 00:16:41,899 what the next phase might be your future 426 00:16:48,639 --> 00:16:46,279 plans the the presidential budget that 427 00:16:51,879 --> 00:16:48,649 was offered up indicated that they would 428 00:16:54,129 --> 00:16:51,889 like to reduce it was proposed that we 429 00:16:56,910 --> 00:16:54,139 reduced the government portion of the 430 00:16:59,019 --> 00:16:56,920 support of space station in 2025 to zero 431 00:17:00,670 --> 00:16:59,029 there's a lot of folks looking at that 432 00:17:02,259 --> 00:17:00,680 right now to see exactly what that means 433 00:17:05,590 --> 00:17:02,269 because obviously you don't go from a 434 00:17:08,380 --> 00:17:05,600 budget of this much to zero but as part 435 00:17:10,659 --> 00:17:08,390 of implementing the the overall plan to 436 00:17:13,480 --> 00:17:10,669 to work with commercial companies that's 437 00:17:15,610 --> 00:17:13,490 always been part of our our charter yeah 438 00:17:16,899 --> 00:17:15,620 and from our perspective that the 439 00:17:19,299 --> 00:17:16,909 synergy advancement of Science in space 440 00:17:21,880 --> 00:17:19,309 we've seen growing and sustained 441 00:17:23,679 --> 00:17:21,890 interest from many different sectors of 442 00:17:25,600 --> 00:17:23,689 the commercial economy from material 443 00:17:27,159 --> 00:17:25,610 science developers through 444 00:17:29,320 --> 00:17:27,169 pharmaceutical companies who've made 445 00:17:31,330 --> 00:17:29,330 extensive use of the platform we're 446 00:17:32,830 --> 00:17:31,340 seeing increased engagement and funding 447 00:17:35,200 --> 00:17:32,840 opportunities provided by government 448 00:17:37,180 --> 00:17:35,210 agencies other than NASA so National 449 00:17:39,340 --> 00:17:37,190 Science Foundation National Institutes 450 00:17:41,049 --> 00:17:39,350 of Health Department of Defense are all 451 00:17:42,220 --> 00:17:41,059 funding research utilizing the 452 00:17:44,740 --> 00:17:42,230 International Space Station National 453 00:17:46,360 --> 00:17:44,750 Laboratory so although the funding 454 00:17:48,730 --> 00:17:46,370 structure is going to change at some 455 00:17:50,649 --> 00:17:48,740 point in the future we're very confident 456 00:17:51,970 --> 00:17:50,659 that as a platform the International 457 00:17:53,680 --> 00:17:51,980 Space Station is going to continue to 458 00:17:55,720 --> 00:17:53,690 operate for as long as people see 459 00:17:57,399 --> 00:17:55,730 utility in it and we're able to get 460 00:17:59,080 --> 00:17:57,409 science and technology development up 461 00:18:00,810 --> 00:17:59,090 there and back and the future is very 462 00:18:03,340 --> 00:18:00,820 bright for that 463 00:18:05,380 --> 00:18:03,350 okay well thank you David and Mike for 464 00:18:15,880 --> 00:18:05,390 sharing with us that that perspective 465 00:18:17,980 --> 00:18:15,890 for sure so thank you so much so so next 466 00:18:20,710 --> 00:18:17,990 to discuss the crew interactive mobile 467 00:18:23,980 --> 00:18:20,720 companion or Simon project is dr. 468 00:18:26,380 --> 00:18:23,990 Christian Koresh program lead for from 469 00:18:38,320 --> 00:18:26,390 the German Aerospace Center and Phillip 470 00:18:41,320 --> 00:18:38,330 Julian project engineer from Airbus yes 471 00:18:43,500 --> 00:18:41,330 Simon Says thank you thank you for the 472 00:18:48,370 --> 00:18:43,510 honor being here to present our project 473 00:18:50,500 --> 00:18:48,380 so Simon was developed by Abbas and the 474 00:18:53,740 --> 00:18:50,510 artificial intelligence comes from IBM 475 00:18:57,250 --> 00:18:53,750 and we I'm from DLR we're yeah the 476 00:19:00,630 --> 00:18:57,260 payload owner so what is Simon Simon is 477 00:19:05,350 --> 00:19:00,640 a free-floating artificial intelligence 478 00:19:07,810 --> 00:19:05,360 his journey will begin tomorrow and when 479 00:19:10,120 --> 00:19:07,820 he will be activated this is kind of a 480 00:19:13,360 --> 00:19:10,130 historical moment so this will be the 481 00:19:16,330 --> 00:19:13,370 first operating artificial intelligence 482 00:19:19,810 --> 00:19:16,340 with a human machine interaction so 483 00:19:22,120 --> 00:19:19,820 maybe you can also start the video in 484 00:19:25,450 --> 00:19:22,130 the back so you get some impressions 485 00:19:28,210 --> 00:19:25,460 what's happened so far so we trained 486 00:19:31,750 --> 00:19:28,220 Simon he's especially trained to the 487 00:19:33,490 --> 00:19:31,760 German astronaut so these are some 488 00:19:35,169 --> 00:19:33,500 pictures from the turbo leak flight so 489 00:19:37,960 --> 00:19:35,179 we tested him already in weightlessness 490 00:19:41,200 --> 00:19:37,970 and this technology demonstration 491 00:19:42,430 --> 00:19:41,210 together with Airbus and IBM and it's a 492 00:19:45,010 --> 00:19:42,440 kind of yeah 493 00:19:47,020 --> 00:19:45,020 pioneer challenge so to implement an 494 00:19:48,909 --> 00:19:47,030 artificial intelligence in real time 495 00:19:52,480 --> 00:19:48,919 into the International Space Station 496 00:19:54,760 --> 00:19:52,490 that's a really tough challenge in terms 497 00:19:57,460 --> 00:19:54,770 of safety and security here you can see 498 00:19:59,980 --> 00:19:57,470 Alexander Gerst he trained with him his 499 00:20:02,760 --> 00:19:59,990 face recognition and his voice and 500 00:20:06,669 --> 00:20:02,770 things like this so we are very happy 501 00:20:10,030 --> 00:20:06,679 that Simon will be the first artificial 502 00:20:12,250 --> 00:20:10,040 intelligence in space and one of the 503 00:20:13,659 --> 00:20:12,260 main challenges so we are a team of 504 00:20:15,909 --> 00:20:13,669 about 50 people 505 00:20:20,249 --> 00:20:15,919 working on this for the last two years 506 00:20:22,749 --> 00:20:20,259 and usually in space you need to yeah 507 00:20:25,869 --> 00:20:22,759 five or ten years for a project like 508 00:20:29,169 --> 00:20:25,879 this with this complexity but we managed 509 00:20:31,599 --> 00:20:29,179 and made this challenge happen so we are 510 00:20:34,180 --> 00:20:31,609 very very happy and maybe my colleague 511 00:20:36,999 --> 00:20:34,190 can say some few words the technical 512 00:20:39,669 --> 00:20:37,009 just one point I want to figure out is 513 00:20:42,039 --> 00:20:39,679 that for us this is a piece of the 514 00:20:45,369 --> 00:20:42,049 future of human space flight I mean if 515 00:20:47,289 --> 00:20:45,379 you go out to the moon or to Mars so you 516 00:20:49,239 --> 00:20:47,299 cannot take all mankind and engineers 517 00:20:52,389 --> 00:20:49,249 with you so the astronauts they will be 518 00:20:54,999 --> 00:20:52,399 on their own so but with an artificial 519 00:20:57,699 --> 00:20:55,009 intelligence you have instant the all 520 00:21:00,129 --> 00:20:57,709 the knowledge of mankind and this is 521 00:21:03,099 --> 00:21:00,139 just the first technology demonstration 522 00:21:08,289 --> 00:21:03,109 for us but I guess it's one step into 523 00:21:09,699 --> 00:21:08,299 the future for exploration ok so what I 524 00:21:11,049 --> 00:21:09,709 want to do is I want to give you a short 525 00:21:13,539 --> 00:21:11,059 insight into what's actually happening 526 00:21:15,940 --> 00:21:13,549 happening on board of the International 527 00:21:18,039 --> 00:21:15,950 Space Station one Simon's up there so 528 00:21:19,629 --> 00:21:18,049 what what will happen basically is that 529 00:21:21,729 --> 00:21:19,639 Simon will be floating somewhere inside 530 00:21:24,129 --> 00:21:21,739 the Columbus module and Alex on a guest 531 00:21:27,039 --> 00:21:24,139 which Simon is tailored to Sam the free 532 00:21:29,560 --> 00:21:27,049 flyer will call Simon at a certain time 533 00:21:31,959 --> 00:21:29,570 then Simon with the help of a microphone 534 00:21:33,940 --> 00:21:31,969 array will acoustic acoustically know 535 00:21:36,039 --> 00:21:33,950 where Alexander gasps is speaking from 536 00:21:37,810 --> 00:21:36,049 Simon will orient to what Alexander 537 00:21:40,419 --> 00:21:37,820 guessed and then the orientation will 538 00:21:42,579 --> 00:21:40,429 switch towards the front camera with 539 00:21:44,619 --> 00:21:42,589 front camera we perform face detection 540 00:21:46,299 --> 00:21:44,629 so we detect all the faces that are 541 00:21:46,889 --> 00:21:46,309 inside the camera inside the picture of 542 00:21:48,909 --> 00:21:46,899 the camera 543 00:21:52,839 --> 00:21:48,919 afterwards we perform face recognition 544 00:21:55,389 --> 00:21:52,849 with the help of our IBM api's where we 545 00:21:57,060 --> 00:21:55,399 got great support from IBM then 546 00:21:58,690 --> 00:21:57,070 Alexander guess could say something like 547 00:22:00,609 --> 00:21:58,700 Simon could you please help me 548 00:22:02,049 --> 00:22:00,619 performing a certain certain experiment 549 00:22:04,269 --> 00:22:02,059 could be please help me with with the 550 00:22:06,430 --> 00:22:04,279 procedure then Simon will fly to bots 551 00:22:09,190 --> 00:22:06,440 Alexander guest with the help of 14 552 00:22:11,680 --> 00:22:09,200 impellers that are inside this sphere so 553 00:22:13,859 --> 00:22:11,690 we have four tubes for quite fast 554 00:22:16,839 --> 00:22:13,869 acceleration to the to the front and 555 00:22:18,039 --> 00:22:16,849 then Simon will fly towards Alex on a 556 00:22:22,329 --> 00:22:18,049 guest and they will already start the 557 00:22:24,849 --> 00:22:22,339 communication so Simon will then guide 558 00:22:27,250 --> 00:22:24,859 Alex on a guest through a procedure he 559 00:22:29,950 --> 00:22:27,260 will show on the screen on the front he 560 00:22:32,680 --> 00:22:29,960 so for example videos or or displays or 561 00:22:34,570 --> 00:22:32,690 pictures of the of the facility and then 562 00:22:36,910 --> 00:22:34,580 if Alexander guess has certain questions 563 00:22:38,050 --> 00:22:36,920 to that experiment is working on Simon 564 00:22:40,240 --> 00:22:38,060 is quite deep knowledge on that 565 00:22:42,130 --> 00:22:40,250 experiment so you can really get inside 566 00:22:45,490 --> 00:22:42,140 the experiment and you can ask questions 567 00:22:48,670 --> 00:22:45,500 that are beyond the procedure and also 568 00:22:50,950 --> 00:22:48,680 for example Alexander guest:can can then 569 00:22:53,290 --> 00:22:50,960 sign verbally certain steps from the 570 00:22:56,680 --> 00:22:53,300 procedure he can go one one step ahead 571 00:22:58,510 --> 00:22:56,690 one step back or he can he can do 572 00:23:01,510 --> 00:22:58,520 whatever you want basically with this 573 00:23:04,330 --> 00:23:01,520 one what else do we got here we got a 574 00:23:06,040 --> 00:23:04,340 microphone on the very on the back then 575 00:23:08,650 --> 00:23:06,050 we got an infrared camera on the front 576 00:23:10,420 --> 00:23:08,660 for example the whole hardware is 577 00:23:12,460 --> 00:23:10,430 electrically powered so we got two 578 00:23:17,050 --> 00:23:12,470 batteries in the back but it can also be 579 00:23:18,670 --> 00:23:17,060 powered hardwired then we got which it 580 00:23:20,650 --> 00:23:18,680 was quite important for Alexander guests 581 00:23:22,960 --> 00:23:20,660 who we did several training sessions 582 00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:22,970 with was that we had an actual an 583 00:23:27,460 --> 00:23:25,010 offline button if that partners 584 00:23:30,310 --> 00:23:27,470 activated that's on the back Thank You 585 00:23:32,620 --> 00:23:30,320 Christian once that button is activated 586 00:23:35,890 --> 00:23:32,630 Alex on the gas can be sure that nothing 587 00:23:37,780 --> 00:23:35,900 that he's actually saying by now is 588 00:23:41,020 --> 00:23:37,790 streamed down to earth so it's kind of 589 00:23:42,580 --> 00:23:41,030 private then and once it's okay for him 590 00:23:44,470 --> 00:23:42,590 that the information sent back to earth 591 00:23:46,270 --> 00:23:44,480 again it just deactivates the offline 592 00:23:50,020 --> 00:23:46,280 button and then it will be streamed down 593 00:23:56,370 --> 00:23:50,030 to the to the IBM server again and Simon 594 00:24:03,640 --> 00:24:00,820 the batteries we are very happy that the 595 00:24:05,500 --> 00:24:03,650 Astra B team supported or helped us so 596 00:24:08,080 --> 00:24:05,510 we couldn't qualify batteries and within 597 00:24:10,240 --> 00:24:08,090 our own project but we take batteries 598 00:24:12,250 --> 00:24:10,250 which they qualify for the International 599 00:24:15,130 --> 00:24:12,260 Space Station so without them and 600 00:24:17,260 --> 00:24:15,140 without them support so we this would be 601 00:24:20,470 --> 00:24:17,270 our showstopper the batteries so we are 602 00:24:23,170 --> 00:24:20,480 very happy so this is the kind of yeah 603 00:24:27,190 --> 00:24:23,180 space spirit we're doing here with NASA 604 00:24:28,690 --> 00:24:27,200 and all the other is a really great 605 00:24:30,850 --> 00:24:28,700 collaboration and it really works so 606 00:24:34,180 --> 00:24:30,860 people are very friendly helpful and 607 00:24:36,460 --> 00:24:34,190 yeah we thank for that very fast and 608 00:24:37,810 --> 00:24:36,470 project running less than two years we 609 00:24:40,540 --> 00:24:37,820 just didn't have the time for the 610 00:24:42,280 --> 00:24:40,550 battery certification so we were 611 00:24:45,640 --> 00:24:42,290 very thankful to get the batteries from 612 00:24:46,930 --> 00:24:45,650 this regime which is just and what I'm 613 00:24:49,900 --> 00:24:46,940 going to do is I'm going to introduce 614 00:24:52,150 --> 00:24:49,910 you to the IBM vice president for the AI 615 00:24:54,790 --> 00:24:52,160 portion of this project 616 00:24:55,720 --> 00:24:54,800 Brett Greenstein so we're going to take 617 00:24:58,060 --> 00:24:55,730 some questions 618 00:25:02,260 --> 00:24:58,070 I got a front row question right here 619 00:25:05,080 --> 00:25:02,270 please Chris K Bart with NASA space 620 00:25:06,970 --> 00:25:05,090 flight can you talk about how Simon 621 00:25:08,020 --> 00:25:06,980 connects to the cloud on the 622 00:25:09,640 --> 00:25:08,030 international space station 623 00:25:12,550 --> 00:25:09,650 does it have to does its operation if it 624 00:25:14,950 --> 00:25:12,560 be timed like for certain periods with 625 00:25:16,990 --> 00:25:14,960 connection through the network and since 626 00:25:18,850 --> 00:25:17,000 you had to UM print it to Alexander for 627 00:25:20,530 --> 00:25:18,860 this flight what happens to Simon when 628 00:25:23,140 --> 00:25:20,540 Alexander comes back to earth at the end 629 00:25:24,640 --> 00:25:23,150 of the year okay so you can probably 630 00:25:25,870 --> 00:25:24,650 talk better to the technical 631 00:25:27,670 --> 00:25:25,880 communications of the satellites of the 632 00:25:30,280 --> 00:25:27,680 earth but during the times when there is 633 00:25:31,720 --> 00:25:30,290 connectivity all the communications go 634 00:25:33,430 --> 00:25:31,730 back through the cloud so all the AI 635 00:25:35,350 --> 00:25:33,440 work is being processed at the cloud 636 00:25:37,480 --> 00:25:35,360 natural language all the training and 637 00:25:39,670 --> 00:25:37,490 tailoring we did happens in the cloud 638 00:25:41,670 --> 00:25:39,680 which also means we can enhance it from 639 00:25:44,560 --> 00:25:41,680 the earth anytime and make it smarter 640 00:25:48,220 --> 00:25:44,570 constantly to help Alexander and the 641 00:25:50,350 --> 00:25:48,230 team to use it it is tailored and tuned 642 00:25:52,570 --> 00:25:50,360 and trained to work with Alexander but 643 00:25:53,680 --> 00:25:52,580 it's a it's an open system it works with 644 00:25:56,260 --> 00:25:53,690 everybody who listens 645 00:25:57,940 --> 00:25:56,270 it was just specifically trained to help 646 00:25:59,080 --> 00:25:57,950 us some of the terminology and the way 647 00:26:00,670 --> 00:25:59,090 that he speaks to make it work even 648 00:26:03,220 --> 00:26:00,680 better for him so it works for everybody 649 00:26:08,830 --> 00:26:03,230 great think Kenya had a question just 650 00:26:11,290 --> 00:26:08,840 one moment for the microphone please hi 651 00:26:14,020 --> 00:26:11,300 Ken Kramer space up-close thanks for 652 00:26:17,890 --> 00:26:14,030 doing this session how difficult would 653 00:26:19,900 --> 00:26:17,900 it be for someone besides Kara to work 654 00:26:23,770 --> 00:26:19,910 with it since it's specifically for him 655 00:26:26,260 --> 00:26:23,780 and is it multilingual so it would work 656 00:26:28,150 --> 00:26:26,270 with anybody obviously it's tuned to 657 00:26:29,950 --> 00:26:28,160 language so this is designed to work in 658 00:26:31,900 --> 00:26:29,960 English works in English in understands 659 00:26:33,400 --> 00:26:31,910 Alexander in particular was helpful to 660 00:26:35,290 --> 00:26:33,410 train it to recognize him so that it 661 00:26:36,790 --> 00:26:35,300 will come to him when he speaks so that 662 00:26:39,130 --> 00:26:36,800 part is helpful but it'll work for all 663 00:26:41,920 --> 00:26:39,140 the astronauts now and on language 664 00:26:43,570 --> 00:26:41,930 support right now it's English but our 665 00:26:44,950 --> 00:26:43,580 Watson services support many languages 666 00:26:46,360 --> 00:26:44,960 so it can give you a few more 667 00:26:48,280 --> 00:26:46,370 informations what what does actually 668 00:26:49,690 --> 00:26:48,290 mean tailored to alexander guests we had 669 00:26:51,190 --> 00:26:49,700 several feminization sessions together 670 00:26:53,980 --> 00:26:51,200 with Alexander guest so he was able to 671 00:26:55,390 --> 00:26:53,990 choose for example the face that is this 672 00:26:57,250 --> 00:26:55,400 played on the screen once he's talking 673 00:26:59,410 --> 00:26:57,260 he had the yet being able to choose 674 00:27:01,360 --> 00:26:59,420 between a quite a simple smiley quite a 675 00:27:03,040 --> 00:27:01,370 closed face to the human face and he 676 00:27:05,470 --> 00:27:03,050 made his choice something quite in 677 00:27:08,620 --> 00:27:05,480 between for example it was also able to 678 00:27:10,660 --> 00:27:08,630 choose the voice that that the IBM that 679 00:27:13,330 --> 00:27:10,670 the language that actually comes out of 680 00:27:15,460 --> 00:27:13,340 Simon if it should be male or female for 681 00:27:17,890 --> 00:27:15,470 example or which which accidently should 682 00:27:19,840 --> 00:27:17,900 have and then it was also able to to 683 00:27:23,770 --> 00:27:19,850 influence the design slightly and to 684 00:27:25,540 --> 00:27:23,780 give his commands or to send us his 685 00:27:27,549 --> 00:27:25,550 commands in advance and we were able to 686 00:27:30,130 --> 00:27:27,559 train really the the word said Alexander 687 00:27:31,330 --> 00:27:30,140 guess 10 suits quite quite often and all 688 00:27:33,430 --> 00:27:31,340 the abbreviation for example that 689 00:27:35,590 --> 00:27:33,440 Alexander gets uses so it will work with 690 00:27:37,299 --> 00:27:35,600 everyone you can also work with with 691 00:27:40,299 --> 00:27:37,309 everyone in this room everyone is able 692 00:27:42,549 --> 00:27:40,309 to speak with it but Alexander guest is 693 00:27:45,190 --> 00:27:42,559 able to speak with it best that's great 694 00:27:48,610 --> 00:27:45,200 I think we have a social question don't 695 00:27:52,510 --> 00:27:48,620 we you would like to know how does Simon 696 00:27:55,590 --> 00:27:52,520 move in zero-gravity so we got 14 697 00:27:58,360 --> 00:27:55,600 impellers inside this sphere they are 698 00:28:01,060 --> 00:27:58,370 seven no sorry there are eight impellers 699 00:28:04,120 --> 00:28:01,070 in this direction so it is able to move 700 00:28:04,540 --> 00:28:04,130 quite fast to the front then we got four 701 00:28:06,820 --> 00:28:04,550 impellers 702 00:28:08,950 --> 00:28:06,830 in this direction so it's able to move 703 00:28:11,049 --> 00:28:08,960 quite well to the left and to the right 704 00:28:12,640 --> 00:28:11,059 and we got two impellers in to the up 705 00:28:14,680 --> 00:28:12,650 direction so it's able to stabilize and 706 00:28:16,390 --> 00:28:14,690 also just go to perform short movements 707 00:28:18,310 --> 00:28:16,400 we don't have any gyroscopes or anything 708 00:28:20,590 --> 00:28:18,320 in there it's just moving with the with 709 00:28:22,450 --> 00:28:20,600 the help of impellers so we suck in air 710 00:28:23,620 --> 00:28:22,460 on the back for example and then we push 711 00:28:27,900 --> 00:28:23,630 it out to the front and then we're 712 00:28:30,340 --> 00:28:27,910 flying backwards great question marcia 713 00:28:34,780 --> 00:28:30,350 why should an associated press have a 714 00:28:36,549 --> 00:28:34,790 couple questions would Simon be able if 715 00:28:40,840 --> 00:28:36,559 there was a breakdown on the space 716 00:28:45,130 --> 00:28:40,850 station could you could an astronaut 717 00:28:47,590 --> 00:28:45,140 help fix the broken toilet or or or if 718 00:28:49,720 --> 00:28:47,600 there was someone sick could there be 719 00:28:52,450 --> 00:28:49,730 some diagnosis medical things are there 720 00:28:54,880 --> 00:28:52,460 any implementations like that for the 721 00:28:56,980 --> 00:28:54,890 time being this is just a technology 722 00:28:59,830 --> 00:28:56,990 demonstration so we have just three 723 00:29:01,990 --> 00:28:59,840 hours of crew time so with commissioning 724 00:29:04,570 --> 00:29:02,000 then we do we'll do an educational 725 00:29:05,710 --> 00:29:04,580 experiment and we will do some skill 726 00:29:10,960 --> 00:29:05,720 training 727 00:29:13,269 --> 00:29:10,970 and he's not trained to all emergencies 728 00:29:18,070 --> 00:29:13,279 and all protocols for the space station 729 00:29:20,980 --> 00:29:18,080 so this is just the first step so maybe 730 00:29:23,919 --> 00:29:20,990 for a future operating system but this 731 00:29:26,200 --> 00:29:23,929 gonna take a while now we have time for 732 00:29:32,379 --> 00:29:26,210 just one more question I'll go back here 733 00:29:34,930 --> 00:29:32,389 this gentleman right here Thank You 734 00:29:36,869 --> 00:29:34,940 Chuck fields online coffee break um I 735 00:29:39,430 --> 00:29:36,879 assume when an astronaut is 736 00:29:42,220 --> 00:29:39,440 communicating with Simon he uses a waik 737 00:29:44,379 --> 00:29:42,230 word like Simon once he starts that does 738 00:29:48,430 --> 00:29:44,389 he use that word each time or is it more 739 00:29:51,759 --> 00:29:48,440 conversational like Google Play there is 740 00:29:53,470 --> 00:29:51,769 a certain mode that we have installed if 741 00:29:55,749 --> 00:29:53,480 it's activated the crew needs to say 742 00:29:56,799 --> 00:29:55,759 every time Simon so in case for example 743 00:29:58,960 --> 00:29:56,809 if the second roommate enters the 744 00:30:00,490 --> 00:29:58,970 Columbus module Sam shall not be 745 00:30:02,860 --> 00:30:00,500 supposed to listen to that kind of 746 00:30:05,740 --> 00:30:02,870 conversation all the time and and shall 747 00:30:07,990 --> 00:30:05,750 not disrupt that conversation that's why 748 00:30:09,970 --> 00:30:08,000 we implemented that feature so if you 749 00:30:11,710 --> 00:30:09,980 switch that mode on it will only react 750 00:30:13,690 --> 00:30:11,720 if you start a sentence with Simon 751 00:30:14,440 --> 00:30:13,700 what's going on Simon how are you Simon 752 00:30:16,749 --> 00:30:14,450 can you please help me 753 00:30:18,190 --> 00:30:16,759 if you switch off this mode then you can 754 00:30:19,389 --> 00:30:18,200 just talk freely to Simon and if we 755 00:30:21,249 --> 00:30:19,399 listen to everything that you're saying 756 00:30:23,080 --> 00:30:21,259 and you don't need any key words you can 757 00:30:25,659 --> 00:30:23,090 just speak to it freely as well as 758 00:30:27,129 --> 00:30:25,669 whatever you like to say and we and 759 00:30:28,119 --> 00:30:27,139 we've done a lot of work to make sure we 760 00:30:29,889 --> 00:30:28,129 pick up on sort of the way 761 00:30:31,840 --> 00:30:29,899 conversational cues work so you know 762 00:30:33,580 --> 00:30:31,850 when something's directed at Simon or 763 00:30:34,690 --> 00:30:33,590 something else and there's a lot of work 764 00:30:35,980 --> 00:30:34,700 to be done around conversational 765 00:30:37,869 --> 00:30:35,990 analytics to make it as natural as 766 00:30:48,230 --> 00:30:37,879 possible since multiple people are 767 00:30:52,620 --> 00:30:50,580 you're just one thing I want to add I 768 00:30:55,590 --> 00:30:52,630 mean it's a bit more as a smartphone 769 00:30:57,570 --> 00:30:55,600 which follows you so for for this 770 00:30:59,610 --> 00:30:57,580 approach we are doing it's what is 771 00:31:02,820 --> 00:30:59,620 really really important for us is the 772 00:31:05,600 --> 00:31:02,830 human-machine interaction so that the 773 00:31:08,850 --> 00:31:05,610 astronaut works together with an 774 00:31:11,490 --> 00:31:08,860 artificial intelligence as a team so 775 00:31:14,490 --> 00:31:11,500 human and machine they're both part of 776 00:31:17,340 --> 00:31:14,500 our experiment and we are very curious 777 00:31:22,470 --> 00:31:17,350 what what alexander guest will tell us 778 00:31:24,420 --> 00:31:22,480 after trying simon some great technology 779 00:31:25,680 --> 00:31:24,430 for sure christian philip brett thank 780 00:31:27,840 --> 00:31:25,690 you so much for joining us this morning 781 00:31:36,870 --> 00:31:27,850 and share a little bit about simon with 782 00:31:39,480 --> 00:31:36,880 us so thank you very much Chemical 783 00:31:41,700 --> 00:31:39,490 Gardens are structures that grow during 784 00:31:44,850 --> 00:31:41,710 the interaction of metal salt solutions 785 00:31:46,980 --> 00:31:44,860 with a select anions joining us today to 786 00:31:49,230 --> 00:31:46,990 share details about the chemical gardens 787 00:31:51,780 --> 00:31:49,240 science study our principal 788 00:31:53,850 --> 00:31:51,790 investigators dr. Richard Bruegel from 789 00:31:56,190 --> 00:31:53,860 NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and 790 00:31:58,440 --> 00:31:56,200 dr. Oliver Steinbach from Florida State 791 00:32:00,120 --> 00:31:58,450 University thank you very much yeah 792 00:32:01,500 --> 00:32:00,130 we're we're having something completely 793 00:32:03,900 --> 00:32:01,510 different from you for you guys could 794 00:32:09,830 --> 00:32:03,910 have the first slide please 795 00:32:14,070 --> 00:32:11,010 okay 796 00:32:15,390 --> 00:32:14,080 awesome so we are studying chemical 797 00:32:16,980 --> 00:32:15,400 gardens and their inorganic 798 00:32:20,940 --> 00:32:16,990 precipitation structures that are 799 00:32:22,320 --> 00:32:20,950 looking extremely lifelike and they are 800 00:32:24,600 --> 00:32:22,330 bought in centimeter a couple of 801 00:32:27,540 --> 00:32:24,610 centimeters an inch high formed within 802 00:32:28,980 --> 00:32:27,550 you know a few minutes and he's as you 803 00:32:30,540 --> 00:32:28,990 can see has this tendency to grow 804 00:32:32,660 --> 00:32:30,550 upwards and this would be of course 805 00:32:35,520 --> 00:32:32,670 important next slide please 806 00:32:37,560 --> 00:32:35,530 so probably the older ones in the 807 00:32:38,460 --> 00:32:37,570 audience remember that may be the 808 00:32:40,350 --> 00:32:38,470 younger ones too 809 00:32:42,630 --> 00:32:40,360 these were little chemical toy 810 00:32:44,790 --> 00:32:42,640 demonstrations right and so it has a 811 00:32:47,160 --> 00:32:44,800 very long history it's actually order 812 00:32:49,470 --> 00:32:47,170 the history than this box even Isaac 813 00:32:54,320 --> 00:32:49,480 Newton already studied these systems and 814 00:32:56,790 --> 00:32:54,330 his alchemical studies next slide and 815 00:32:58,110 --> 00:32:56,800 here's another picture of them grown in 816 00:32:59,820 --> 00:32:58,120 the laboratory at Florida State 817 00:33:01,049 --> 00:32:59,830 University and 818 00:33:02,639 --> 00:33:01,059 you see that there's this different 819 00:33:03,960 --> 00:33:02,649 color so I want to quickly tell you what 820 00:33:06,180 --> 00:33:03,970 these structures are made of and how 821 00:33:08,310 --> 00:33:06,190 they are produced you have a clear 822 00:33:10,289 --> 00:33:08,320 liquid it's a basic solution of silicate 823 00:33:12,570 --> 00:33:10,299 and you drop a little tiny crystal in 824 00:33:14,820 --> 00:33:12,580 there and within seconds as crystal 825 00:33:16,769 --> 00:33:14,830 starts to dissolve reactions occur and 826 00:33:19,649 --> 00:33:16,779 the little membrane forms around the 827 00:33:21,630 --> 00:33:19,659 crystal and then water flows in the 828 00:33:24,060 --> 00:33:21,640 membrane birth and out of it comes a 829 00:33:25,950 --> 00:33:24,070 kind of buoyant jet of soil solution and 830 00:33:27,810 --> 00:33:25,960 around that jet you get these chemical 831 00:33:30,509 --> 00:33:27,820 gardens that grow so they are actually 832 00:33:32,879 --> 00:33:30,519 hollow tubes the water's maybe 10 833 00:33:34,710 --> 00:33:32,889 microns thick and in these experiments 834 00:33:39,090 --> 00:33:34,720 and the different colors are different 835 00:33:41,399 --> 00:33:39,100 materials silicates copper oxide copper 836 00:33:44,279 --> 00:33:41,409 hydroxides compounds like that some of 837 00:33:48,840 --> 00:33:44,289 which have catalytic activity okay next 838 00:33:51,450 --> 00:33:48,850 slide and so that brings me to the 839 00:33:52,980 --> 00:33:51,460 reason why would we study them okay so 840 00:33:54,539 --> 00:33:52,990 they're actually at least three good 841 00:33:56,879 --> 00:33:54,549 reasons why you want to study these 842 00:33:59,730 --> 00:33:56,889 systems and the microgravity photos from 843 00:34:03,360 --> 00:33:59,740 it so this was actually a movie playing 844 00:34:04,950 --> 00:34:03,370 there showing the growth the their 845 00:34:06,659 --> 00:34:04,960 natural structures that are very very 846 00:34:08,730 --> 00:34:06,669 similar so on the left you see 847 00:34:10,919 --> 00:34:08,740 hydrothermal vents is white and black 848 00:34:12,359 --> 00:34:10,929 smokers on the ocean floor and those 849 00:34:15,960 --> 00:34:12,369 from a chemical point of view those 850 00:34:17,159 --> 00:34:15,970 materials are very very similar and on 851 00:34:18,869 --> 00:34:17,169 the right hand side you have another 852 00:34:21,599 --> 00:34:18,879 natural phenomena they're briny kills 853 00:34:24,629 --> 00:34:21,609 they're actually happening under ice 854 00:34:26,669 --> 00:34:24,639 floating on the ocean and these gigantic 855 00:34:28,589 --> 00:34:26,679 ice tubes extent down to the ocean floor 856 00:34:30,270 --> 00:34:28,599 so they're also tubular structures from 857 00:34:31,770 --> 00:34:30,280 very different length scales more 858 00:34:35,970 --> 00:34:31,780 interesting for me are the ones on the 859 00:34:38,339 --> 00:34:35,980 Left these hydrothermal vents they're a 860 00:34:40,950 --> 00:34:38,349 possible place where life might have 861 00:34:42,659 --> 00:34:40,960 started on earth and I very quickly give 862 00:34:45,300 --> 00:34:42,669 you three good reasons why it might have 863 00:34:47,280 --> 00:34:45,310 happened there these materials have free 864 00:34:49,680 --> 00:34:47,290 energy available to them it's hot and 865 00:34:52,409 --> 00:34:49,690 you know different PHS on different 866 00:34:54,659 --> 00:34:52,419 sites so there's a energy source that 867 00:34:56,550 --> 00:34:54,669 life could have tapped into the 868 00:34:58,200 --> 00:34:56,560 materials are micro porous so they're 869 00:35:00,660 --> 00:34:58,210 tiny little pores where material can 870 00:35:02,970 --> 00:35:00,670 accumulate and you don't have to produce 871 00:35:04,800 --> 00:35:02,980 a lipid cell membrane the water 872 00:35:08,010 --> 00:35:04,810 structure is catalytically active so you 873 00:35:09,750 --> 00:35:08,020 initially don't need enzymes and there's 874 00:35:11,760 --> 00:35:09,760 some simple interesting compounds coming 875 00:35:13,230 --> 00:35:11,770 out of the ground when these things are 876 00:35:15,000 --> 00:35:13,240 operational so 877 00:35:16,790 --> 00:35:15,010 of interest for NASA's also that similar 878 00:35:21,270 --> 00:35:16,800 structures might exist on other moons 879 00:35:23,280 --> 00:35:21,280 and so we essentially produce these tiny 880 00:35:24,450 --> 00:35:23,290 versions in the laboratory to study them 881 00:35:28,050 --> 00:35:24,460 next slide please 882 00:35:30,810 --> 00:35:28,060 it's my last another motivation is to 883 00:35:33,330 --> 00:35:30,820 turn this into a new type of engineering 884 00:35:35,550 --> 00:35:33,340 it looks like a little toy but every 885 00:35:37,170 --> 00:35:35,560 good technology starts maybe as a toy 886 00:35:40,740 --> 00:35:37,180 when you look at the first transistor or 887 00:35:42,660 --> 00:35:40,750 so and so the idea is here to 888 00:35:44,580 --> 00:35:42,670 essentially grow tubular structures in a 889 00:35:46,590 --> 00:35:44,590 more organic lifelike way so the way I 890 00:35:48,450 --> 00:35:46,600 want to explain that is if life if 891 00:35:50,370 --> 00:35:48,460 biology wants to grow a finger it 892 00:35:53,550 --> 00:35:50,380 doesn't produce finger material extrude 893 00:35:56,370 --> 00:35:53,560 modes it it grows it in a programmed 894 00:35:57,930 --> 00:35:56,380 organic kind of way so we believe that 895 00:35:59,970 --> 00:35:57,940 this is something that you also can do 896 00:36:01,800 --> 00:35:59,980 with inorganic materials reactions and 897 00:36:05,030 --> 00:36:01,810 to turn this into a different type of 898 00:36:07,590 --> 00:36:05,040 technology so I hand it over to Richard 899 00:36:12,270 --> 00:36:07,600 thank you very much we're really pleased 900 00:36:13,859 --> 00:36:12,280 to be here that slide you just saw just 901 00:36:17,390 --> 00:36:13,869 to start out that is not the planet 902 00:36:21,390 --> 00:36:17,400 eater from the original Star Trek series 903 00:36:25,020 --> 00:36:21,400 it is a microfluidic tube that a flow 904 00:36:27,599 --> 00:36:25,030 rate does go through and that flow rate 905 00:36:31,980 --> 00:36:27,609 is dependent on two terms a buoyancy 906 00:36:34,260 --> 00:36:31,990 term and a pressure term we know that 907 00:36:35,640 --> 00:36:34,270 those work and we can determine the flow 908 00:36:37,740 --> 00:36:35,650 rates from that but we don't know the 909 00:36:40,740 --> 00:36:37,750 relative contributions from those two 910 00:36:43,080 --> 00:36:40,750 terms in microgravity the buoyancy term 911 00:36:45,109 --> 00:36:43,090 has a gravity factor in it and up there 912 00:36:48,030 --> 00:36:45,119 it's going to basically go to zero and 913 00:36:50,580 --> 00:36:48,040 when that happens we'll have nothing but 914 00:36:52,200 --> 00:36:50,590 the pressure term to make the structure 915 00:36:56,910 --> 00:36:52,210 and then when we bring them back down 916 00:37:00,480 --> 00:36:56,920 we'll be able to evaluate those and we 917 00:37:01,830 --> 00:37:00,490 can determine strictly from that to how 918 00:37:03,930 --> 00:37:01,840 these things are growing and we'll be 919 00:37:08,480 --> 00:37:03,940 able to sort out those two terms so the 920 00:37:14,460 --> 00:37:12,720 okay so as as professor Steinbach 921 00:37:16,470 --> 00:37:14,470 mentioned we can probably try to make 922 00:37:18,750 --> 00:37:16,480 some novel structures including micro 923 00:37:21,750 --> 00:37:18,760 fluidics this is some ground-based were 924 00:37:23,550 --> 00:37:21,760 research that Alex Blanchard the PhD 925 00:37:25,180 --> 00:37:23,560 graduate student from Florida State is 926 00:37:28,089 --> 00:37:25,190 working on at our lab in 927 00:37:31,420 --> 00:37:28,099 Marshall right now and through some 928 00:37:33,190 --> 00:37:31,430 clever experimental work we're trying to 929 00:37:36,040 --> 00:37:33,200 mimic what we might find in microgravity 930 00:37:38,140 --> 00:37:36,050 and we can see these sort of spiral 931 00:37:39,670 --> 00:37:38,150 structures here so we'll do some more 932 00:37:40,839 --> 00:37:39,680 work with this and we'll compare it to 933 00:37:44,339 --> 00:37:40,849 what we get from the microgravity 934 00:37:46,870 --> 00:37:44,349 experiments next please 935 00:37:50,890 --> 00:37:46,880 yeah the experiments themselves are 936 00:37:53,319 --> 00:37:50,900 really conceptually simple we're gonna 937 00:37:56,410 --> 00:37:53,329 conduct them on the space station in the 938 00:37:59,620 --> 00:37:56,420 glove bag that you see in the upper left 939 00:38:01,839 --> 00:37:59,630 hand corner there and this has been 940 00:38:03,880 --> 00:38:01,849 successful and and this experiment is 941 00:38:06,190 --> 00:38:03,890 has a lot of synergy with the 942 00:38:08,620 --> 00:38:06,200 microgravity investigation of cement 943 00:38:10,870 --> 00:38:08,630 solidification being directed by 944 00:38:14,109 --> 00:38:10,880 Professor Alexander a disc and graduate 945 00:38:16,359 --> 00:38:14,119 student Juliana Navis up at Penn State 946 00:38:18,190 --> 00:38:16,369 and we just completed some of those 947 00:38:20,410 --> 00:38:18,200 experiments in that similar glove bag 948 00:38:22,599 --> 00:38:20,420 very successfully on the experimental 949 00:38:25,480 --> 00:38:22,609 space station and this is basically how 950 00:38:27,550 --> 00:38:25,490 what they look like here we have a burst 951 00:38:30,309 --> 00:38:27,560 bag here with a weak seal in the center 952 00:38:32,140 --> 00:38:30,319 there's a Teflon insert with a wire on 953 00:38:34,540 --> 00:38:32,150 it to which we've attached the crystals 954 00:38:38,710 --> 00:38:34,550 in the bottom is the sodium silicate 955 00:38:40,510 --> 00:38:38,720 solution this will be put into the glove 956 00:38:42,250 --> 00:38:40,520 bag and it will be rolled up the seal 957 00:38:45,370 --> 00:38:42,260 will break and the solution will come in 958 00:38:48,300 --> 00:38:45,380 contact with the crystal and we'll see 959 00:38:51,780 --> 00:38:48,310 what the growth is when it comes back 960 00:38:57,849 --> 00:38:56,170 okay so we realize that we want to get a 961 00:39:00,339 --> 00:38:57,859 lot of science impact out of this also 962 00:39:03,280 --> 00:39:00,349 but it's important that we have some 963 00:39:06,309 --> 00:39:03,290 outreach and this is a picture of our co 964 00:39:09,220 --> 00:39:06,319 eyes on the left is Marshalls chief 965 00:39:13,599 --> 00:39:09,230 microscopist Elin Rabin Berg and on the 966 00:39:16,180 --> 00:39:13,609 right is pH D Oliver's a PhD soon Alex 967 00:39:20,589 --> 00:39:16,190 Blanchard and they're doing an outreach 968 00:39:22,870 --> 00:39:20,599 program here where NASA or Marshall 969 00:39:24,099 --> 00:39:22,880 doesn't NASA in the park vans were they 970 00:39:27,300 --> 00:39:24,109 highlight everything that goes on at 971 00:39:29,859 --> 00:39:27,310 Marshall and one of those events was 972 00:39:31,540 --> 00:39:29,869 we've set up this booth here and and a 973 00:39:33,880 --> 00:39:31,550 hundred and sixty school-aged children 974 00:39:36,790 --> 00:39:33,890 were introduced to chemistry and making 975 00:39:38,440 --> 00:39:36,800 their own chemical gardens and I just 976 00:39:41,130 --> 00:39:38,450 like to close by saying 977 00:39:43,930 --> 00:39:41,140 later on this summer both Alex and 978 00:39:46,569 --> 00:39:43,940 Juliana are going to be in Ellen's lab 979 00:39:48,220 --> 00:39:46,579 and I'm expecting some spirited 980 00:39:50,230 --> 00:39:48,230 discussions between the relative 981 00:39:52,180 --> 00:39:50,240 experiments and we're really hoping for 982 00:39:55,599 --> 00:39:52,190 a solid collaboration between the 983 00:39:57,670 --> 00:39:55,609 chemists and the cement scientists thank 984 00:39:59,290 --> 00:39:57,680 you very much that's great that's great 985 00:40:10,780 --> 00:39:59,300 do we have any questions from our 986 00:40:12,849 --> 00:40:10,790 audience I can clear my space up close 987 00:40:15,040 --> 00:40:12,859 you mentioned the black smokers it could 988 00:40:17,200 --> 00:40:15,050 be a potential origin of life huh talk a 989 00:40:19,660 --> 00:40:17,210 little bit more detail please how this 990 00:40:22,900 --> 00:40:19,670 work will inform us about the black 991 00:40:25,750 --> 00:40:22,910 smokers and very important for me is to 992 00:40:28,329 --> 00:40:25,760 understand it's not only the material 993 00:40:31,390 --> 00:40:28,339 itself it is a gradient the pH jump that 994 00:40:33,250 --> 00:40:31,400 occurs as you cross this membrane so the 995 00:40:36,069 --> 00:40:33,260 black smokers are often iron sulphides 996 00:40:39,940 --> 00:40:36,079 nickel oxides materials like that fairly 997 00:40:42,160 --> 00:40:39,950 hot actually maybe too hot and so we 998 00:40:44,950 --> 00:40:42,170 want to understand and create and study 999 00:40:46,359 --> 00:40:44,960 in the laboratory how these materials in 1000 00:40:48,010 --> 00:40:46,369 the presence of a steep pH or 1001 00:40:50,440 --> 00:40:48,020 temperature gradient can catalyze 1002 00:40:52,420 --> 00:40:50,450 certain reactions and you can do this 1003 00:40:54,190 --> 00:40:52,430 just more precisely in a controlled 1004 00:41:00,790 --> 00:40:54,200 systematic way in the lab than you could 1005 00:41:03,849 --> 00:41:00,800 in a true hydrothermal vent field so 1006 00:41:06,220 --> 00:41:03,859 that aspect is just essentially adding I 1007 00:41:07,599 --> 00:41:06,230 would say the microgravity experience 1008 00:41:09,579 --> 00:41:07,609 primarily contribute to the 1009 00:41:13,750 --> 00:41:09,589 understanding of how gravity conditions 1010 00:41:14,620 --> 00:41:13,760 affect the material and structures that 1011 00:41:16,540 --> 00:41:14,630 are being formed 1012 00:41:19,500 --> 00:41:16,550 but that only indirectly informs this 1013 00:41:22,180 --> 00:41:19,510 particular aspect of the investigations 1014 00:41:27,130 --> 00:41:22,190 and we're gonna go to Twitter for 1015 00:41:28,480 --> 00:41:27,140 another question mark would like to know 1016 00:41:30,190 --> 00:41:28,490 what would be some practical 1017 00:41:34,900 --> 00:41:30,200 applications of the chemical gardens 1018 00:41:36,520 --> 00:41:34,910 here on earth so not in the short-term 1019 00:41:38,290 --> 00:41:36,530 not in the short term but in the long 1020 00:41:40,180 --> 00:41:38,300 term you can think of it as essentially 1021 00:41:41,890 --> 00:41:40,190 the idea of taking a chemistry lab and 1022 00:41:44,230 --> 00:41:41,900 shrinking it down to a little tiny 1023 00:41:45,760 --> 00:41:44,240 microscopic object if you want to move 1024 00:41:47,890 --> 00:41:45,770 the chemicals around you need a little 1025 00:41:50,109 --> 00:41:47,900 plumbing network for this and we hope 1026 00:41:52,240 --> 00:41:50,119 that we can grow these plumbing networks 1027 00:41:53,980 --> 00:41:52,250 in a more intelligent way and 1028 00:41:56,350 --> 00:41:53,990 elegant wave with structures when we 1029 00:41:58,210 --> 00:41:56,360 control them and some particular aspects 1030 00:42:01,180 --> 00:41:58,220 would have little catalytic features or 1031 00:42:02,890 --> 00:42:01,190 analytical features so the one possible 1032 00:42:05,800 --> 00:42:02,900 application would be to shrink it down 1033 00:42:09,070 --> 00:42:05,810 the bigger idea is just to create micro 1034 00:42:10,990 --> 00:42:09,080 shapes in a very different not 1035 00:42:13,720 --> 00:42:11,000 sequential engineering step type of way 1036 00:42:17,260 --> 00:42:13,730 but really through programming and these 1037 00:42:19,300 --> 00:42:17,270 these structures are very sound you can 1038 00:42:21,370 --> 00:42:19,310 pour out the liquid and they style they 1039 00:42:23,920 --> 00:42:21,380 maintain their shape and you can heat 1040 00:42:26,710 --> 00:42:23,930 them up and cinturón and they have 1041 00:42:28,600 --> 00:42:26,720 potential uses as scaffolding for 1042 00:42:30,850 --> 00:42:28,610 biological applications and things like 1043 00:42:33,520 --> 00:42:30,860 that if we understand how better how 1044 00:42:36,910 --> 00:42:33,530 they grow better we're closer to 1045 00:42:38,650 --> 00:42:36,920 applying them okay great in the room do 1046 00:42:44,410 --> 00:42:38,660 we have any more questions from our 1047 00:42:45,970 --> 00:42:44,420 social crowd okay Richard Oliver thank 1048 00:42:54,340 --> 00:42:45,980 you for sharing with us thank you very 1049 00:42:57,160 --> 00:42:54,350 much next up is the ecosystem spaceborne 1050 00:42:59,560 --> 00:42:57,170 thermal radiometer experiment on space 1051 00:43:01,870 --> 00:42:59,570 station known as eco stress which 1052 00:43:03,640 --> 00:43:01,880 measures temperatures of plants and uses 1053 00:43:06,280 --> 00:43:03,650 that information to better understand 1054 00:43:09,400 --> 00:43:06,290 how much water plants need and how they 1055 00:43:11,800 --> 00:43:09,410 respond to stress joining us today from 1056 00:43:13,840 --> 00:43:11,810 NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory is dr. 1057 00:43:16,180 --> 00:43:13,850 Simon Hook principal investigator and 1058 00:43:17,890 --> 00:43:16,190 from NASA's headquarters Earth Science 1059 00:43:21,550 --> 00:43:17,900 Division a program scientist woody 1060 00:43:22,630 --> 00:43:21,560 Turner well good morning everyone today 1061 00:43:25,330 --> 00:43:22,640 we're going to tell you a little bit 1062 00:43:27,160 --> 00:43:25,340 about eco stress and how eco stress fits 1063 00:43:30,130 --> 00:43:27,170 in the overall NASA earth science 1064 00:43:33,100 --> 00:43:30,140 program now eco stress stands for the 1065 00:43:35,320 --> 00:43:33,110 ecosystem spaceborne thermal radiometer 1066 00:43:37,450 --> 00:43:35,330 experiments on space station yes I 1067 00:43:39,340 --> 00:43:37,460 realize it's a bit of a mouthful it's 1068 00:43:42,250 --> 00:43:39,350 actually a thermal infrared radiometer 1069 00:43:44,590 --> 00:43:42,260 that measures the energy that's coming 1070 00:43:46,990 --> 00:43:44,600 off the surface and then translates that 1071 00:43:48,490 --> 00:43:47,000 energy into a temperature so it works a 1072 00:43:51,580 --> 00:43:48,500 lot like when you put your hand above a 1073 00:43:53,590 --> 00:43:51,590 stove and you can feel the heat and your 1074 00:43:55,510 --> 00:43:53,600 hand is a crude thermal infrared sensor 1075 00:43:57,460 --> 00:43:55,520 obviously this instruments a lot better 1076 00:43:59,320 --> 00:43:57,470 than that and that allows us to get the 1077 00:44:01,300 --> 00:43:59,330 surface temperature and once we've got 1078 00:44:03,820 --> 00:44:01,310 the surface temperature we can use that 1079 00:44:04,930 --> 00:44:03,830 to do all sorts of studies and what 1080 00:44:06,670 --> 00:44:04,940 we're going to do is 1081 00:44:12,700 --> 00:44:06,680 pants so if you can just have the first 1082 00:44:14,920 --> 00:44:12,710 slide so plants and drawing water 1083 00:44:17,920 --> 00:44:14,930 through their roots and then that water 1084 00:44:19,630 --> 00:44:17,930 gets expelled through small pores on the 1085 00:44:22,150 --> 00:44:19,640 underside of their leaves called stomata 1086 00:44:24,309 --> 00:44:22,160 and as this water gets expelled 1087 00:44:27,579 --> 00:44:24,319 it keeps the plants cool and these same 1088 00:44:31,300 --> 00:44:27,589 pores are used to drawing co2 and then 1089 00:44:33,730 --> 00:44:31,310 use it to make with photosynthesis to 1090 00:44:35,890 --> 00:44:33,740 make sugars and grow the plant now if 1091 00:44:37,960 --> 00:44:35,900 the plant has enough water it can stay 1092 00:44:40,960 --> 00:44:37,970 cool but if it doesn't then these 1093 00:44:43,720 --> 00:44:40,970 stomata closed and the plant temperature 1094 00:44:45,520 --> 00:44:43,730 goes up and eventually it starves and so 1095 00:44:46,839 --> 00:44:45,530 we can see this change in plant 1096 00:44:49,180 --> 00:44:46,849 temperature when we can use it as a 1097 00:44:52,990 --> 00:44:49,190 proxy for the amount of water that the 1098 00:44:54,880 --> 00:44:53,000 plant is actually using now this process 1099 00:44:56,500 --> 00:44:54,890 as I mentioned is called transpiration 1100 00:44:58,930 --> 00:44:56,510 from the plant but there's also 1101 00:45:00,460 --> 00:44:58,940 evaporation from the surface and the two 1102 00:45:03,220 --> 00:45:00,470 combined are called evapotranspiration 1103 00:45:05,470 --> 00:45:03,230 and that's what we'll be measuring from 1104 00:45:08,730 --> 00:45:05,480 the International Space Station so our 1105 00:45:13,990 --> 00:45:11,640 so as you can imagine evapotranspiration 1106 00:45:16,030 --> 00:45:14,000 varies throughout the day and this is 1107 00:45:17,500 --> 00:45:16,040 actually a plot and you can see it 1108 00:45:19,510 --> 00:45:17,510 starts in the morning and then it goes 1109 00:45:21,670 --> 00:45:19,520 to the end of the evening and you can 1110 00:45:23,230 --> 00:45:21,680 see how evapotranspiration increases and 1111 00:45:25,540 --> 00:45:23,240 then in the middle of the day it shuts 1112 00:45:27,700 --> 00:45:25,550 down when the stomata closed and then it 1113 00:45:29,859 --> 00:45:27,710 starts up again later in the day so 1114 00:45:32,349 --> 00:45:29,869 obviously what we want to do is be able 1115 00:45:32,740 --> 00:45:32,359 to see how this varies throughout the 1116 00:45:34,809 --> 00:45:32,750 day 1117 00:45:36,910 --> 00:45:34,819 now most satellites fly over at this 1118 00:45:39,280 --> 00:45:36,920 sort of same time every morning at about 1119 00:45:40,480 --> 00:45:39,290 10:30 so they don't really give us a 1120 00:45:42,220 --> 00:45:40,490 good indication of how this 1121 00:45:44,349 --> 00:45:42,230 evapotranspiration is varying throughout 1122 00:45:46,000 --> 00:45:44,359 the day but the International Space 1123 00:45:48,550 --> 00:45:46,010 Station is in what's called a processing 1124 00:45:50,829 --> 00:45:48,560 orbit and as a result it flies over at 1125 00:45:52,270 --> 00:45:50,839 different times of day and so we can use 1126 00:45:53,589 --> 00:45:52,280 the unique vantage point of the 1127 00:45:55,809 --> 00:45:53,599 International Space Station 1128 00:45:58,180 --> 00:45:55,819 to be able to see how this is varying 1129 00:46:00,069 --> 00:45:58,190 through throughout the day and there's a 1130 00:46:01,329 --> 00:46:00,079 picture estimator in the background 1131 00:46:02,430 --> 00:46:01,339 there so we'll have the next slide 1132 00:46:04,210 --> 00:46:02,440 please 1133 00:46:06,339 --> 00:46:04,220 now the other thing about 1134 00:46:08,920 --> 00:46:06,349 evapotranspiration is it's what's known 1135 00:46:11,349 --> 00:46:08,930 as a leading indicator so what that 1136 00:46:13,960 --> 00:46:11,359 means is we know what's going on before 1137 00:46:15,640 --> 00:46:13,970 it actually happened so we can see the 1138 00:46:18,279 --> 00:46:15,650 plants are stressed by looking at their 1139 00:46:20,499 --> 00:46:18,289 temperature before they actually 1140 00:46:22,419 --> 00:46:20,509 start to turn brown and die so this is 1141 00:46:25,539 --> 00:46:22,429 very useful now this is a picture of 1142 00:46:27,549 --> 00:46:25,549 evapotranspiration rates for the US 1143 00:46:30,069 --> 00:46:27,559 during one of the major droughts and you 1144 00:46:33,279 --> 00:46:30,079 can see the area that was being strongly 1145 00:46:36,699 --> 00:46:33,289 affected by the drought you know in this 1146 00:46:37,900 --> 00:46:36,709 image is the the red area so what we'll 1147 00:46:40,749 --> 00:46:37,910 be able to do is measure 1148 00:46:42,640 --> 00:46:40,759 evapotranspiration over the entire globe 1149 00:46:43,479 --> 00:46:42,650 now obviously a farmer could go out and 1150 00:46:45,189 --> 00:46:43,489 do this and measure the 1151 00:46:46,689 --> 00:46:45,199 evapotranspiration themselves but you 1152 00:46:49,059 --> 00:46:46,699 need a lot of farmers to be able to 1153 00:46:51,159 --> 00:46:49,069 cover the entire globe and so obviously 1154 00:46:52,839 --> 00:46:51,169 that's another big advantage with the 1155 00:46:54,329 --> 00:46:52,849 space station so I have the next slide 1156 00:46:56,979 --> 00:46:54,339 please 1157 00:46:59,109 --> 00:46:56,989 and this just illustrates that point I 1158 00:47:01,689 --> 00:46:59,119 was making earlier about the fact that 1159 00:47:04,479 --> 00:47:01,699 the International Space Station flies 1160 00:47:06,459 --> 00:47:04,489 over at different times and what you see 1161 00:47:08,289 --> 00:47:06,469 is if you look at say 10 o'clock there's 1162 00:47:11,380 --> 00:47:08,299 a bar chart and it shows that the 1163 00:47:13,839 --> 00:47:11,390 numbers about 24 and we have two 1164 00:47:16,089 --> 00:47:13,849 satellites that fly over but they say 1165 00:47:17,709 --> 00:47:16,099 fly over twice a month and they only fly 1166 00:47:20,949 --> 00:47:17,719 over at 10 o'clock 1167 00:47:23,199 --> 00:47:20,959 but with on the ISS will fly over 24 1168 00:47:25,239 --> 00:47:23,209 times at 10 o'clock at 11 o'clock at 12 1169 00:47:27,189 --> 00:47:25,249 o'clock and so on throughout the day and 1170 00:47:29,949 --> 00:47:27,199 we can use that now another big 1171 00:47:32,529 --> 00:47:29,959 advantage with eco stress is it has a 1172 00:47:35,079 --> 00:47:32,539 very wide swath and the way that that 1173 00:47:37,089 --> 00:47:35,089 works is it has a mirror and it looks 1174 00:47:39,579 --> 00:47:37,099 off to one side and then that mirror 1175 00:47:41,439 --> 00:47:39,589 scans across the surface as the station 1176 00:47:44,229 --> 00:47:41,449 is moving forward and we use that 1177 00:47:46,839 --> 00:47:44,239 scanning to build up a picture and then 1178 00:47:49,929 --> 00:47:46,849 turn that into a temperature so if we go 1179 00:47:51,370 --> 00:47:49,939 to the next slide please so this just 1180 00:47:53,229 --> 00:47:51,380 next slide just shows you where Eco 1181 00:47:55,419 --> 00:47:53,239 stress will go on the International 1182 00:47:57,549 --> 00:47:55,429 Space Station you can probably see it's 1183 00:48:00,309 --> 00:47:57,559 indicated by the arrow it's on the 1184 00:48:02,380 --> 00:48:00,319 leftmost side of the picture as I'm 1185 00:48:04,179 --> 00:48:02,390 looking at it and so what happens is 1186 00:48:06,249 --> 00:48:04,189 inside that box there's this mirror 1187 00:48:08,380 --> 00:48:06,259 that's rotating around it's looking at 1188 00:48:10,569 --> 00:48:08,390 its scanning across as the station is 1189 00:48:12,909 --> 00:48:10,579 moving forward and we're actually 1190 00:48:14,890 --> 00:48:12,919 building up the image so what I'd like 1191 00:48:17,499 --> 00:48:14,900 to do now is just sort of show you a 1192 00:48:22,029 --> 00:48:17,509 video of that emotion and we'll go to 1193 00:48:24,039 --> 00:48:22,039 the next slide please so what you can 1194 00:48:26,259 --> 00:48:24,049 see is the station moving along at the 1195 00:48:29,199 --> 00:48:26,269 very front on the left hand side in the 1196 00:48:31,990 --> 00:48:29,209 gray area is the journey F platform or 1197 00:48:35,260 --> 00:48:32,000 the Japanese external module experiment 1198 00:48:36,700 --> 00:48:35,270 facility and that is where eco stress is 1199 00:48:39,430 --> 00:48:36,710 going to go you can sort of see it's 1200 00:48:41,080 --> 00:48:39,440 highlighted there on the left and so 1201 00:48:43,300 --> 00:48:41,090 what will happen is this video will zoom 1202 00:48:44,860 --> 00:48:43,310 in and we're actually looking at Salton 1203 00:48:46,060 --> 00:48:44,870 Sea and you can see the green fields 1204 00:48:47,920 --> 00:48:46,070 this is what you'd see if you're looking 1205 00:48:49,480 --> 00:48:47,930 with your eye but eco stress will see 1206 00:48:51,670 --> 00:48:49,490 the temperature and you can see the 1207 00:48:53,260 --> 00:48:51,680 different areas the blue colder areas 1208 00:48:55,390 --> 00:48:53,270 and those are the areas that are being 1209 00:48:57,580 --> 00:48:55,400 watered are being irrigated so we can 1210 00:49:00,430 --> 00:48:57,590 use this information to help farmers to 1211 00:49:02,170 --> 00:49:00,440 understand what is going on in terms of 1212 00:49:04,870 --> 00:49:02,180 their crops and to get the maximum yield 1213 00:49:07,780 --> 00:49:04,880 from the amount of water that is 1214 00:49:09,730 --> 00:49:07,790 available but we can also use it to look 1215 00:49:11,770 --> 00:49:09,740 at other regions around the world that 1216 00:49:13,240 --> 00:49:11,780 are stressed and see how those regions 1217 00:49:15,610 --> 00:49:13,250 are changing so we can look at the major 1218 00:49:18,070 --> 00:49:15,620 biomes and we can see whether they're 1219 00:49:19,150 --> 00:49:18,080 transit whether plants are different 1220 00:49:23,010 --> 00:49:19,160 plants are coming in or they're 1221 00:49:25,630 --> 00:49:23,020 transitioning to different types of 1222 00:49:27,010 --> 00:49:25,640 environments so it's going to be a very 1223 00:49:28,630 --> 00:49:27,020 useful instrument from that point of 1224 00:49:30,040 --> 00:49:28,640 view and now I'd like to just hand it 1225 00:49:31,450 --> 00:49:30,050 over to woody and he'll tell us a little 1226 00:49:34,060 --> 00:49:31,460 bit more about how it fits in the 1227 00:49:36,400 --> 00:49:34,070 overall NASA program thank you very much 1228 00:49:38,410 --> 00:49:36,410 Simon this is just a fantastic mission 1229 00:49:40,960 --> 00:49:38,420 we have here first I want to step back 1230 00:49:43,020 --> 00:49:40,970 and talk a bit about why we care so much 1231 00:49:48,970 --> 00:49:43,030 about plants if I could get the first 1232 00:49:50,830 --> 00:49:48,980 next slide as you say please Simon 1233 00:49:53,800 --> 00:49:50,840 mentioned the process of photosynthesis 1234 00:49:57,220 --> 00:49:53,810 in that process plants take energy from 1235 00:49:59,230 --> 00:49:57,230 our star the Sun add water and carbon 1236 00:50:01,390 --> 00:49:59,240 dioxide and produce sugars now these 1237 00:50:03,160 --> 00:50:01,400 sugars are really key this plant primary 1238 00:50:05,680 --> 00:50:03,170 production these sugars are the basis 1239 00:50:08,850 --> 00:50:05,690 for the vast majority of food on this 1240 00:50:11,800 --> 00:50:08,860 planet in addition they produce oxygen 1241 00:50:13,870 --> 00:50:11,810 so plants are both feeding us and giving 1242 00:50:16,060 --> 00:50:13,880 an oxygen oxygenating our atmosphere so 1243 00:50:18,870 --> 00:50:16,070 that we can breathe major stuff thanks 1244 00:50:22,450 --> 00:50:18,880 to plants next slide please 1245 00:50:27,840 --> 00:50:22,460 this slide shows the active earth 1246 00:50:29,890 --> 00:50:27,850 science space missions of NASA and it 1247 00:50:31,780 --> 00:50:29,900 gives you the perspective that we're 1248 00:50:33,550 --> 00:50:31,790 looking at our planet as we look at 1249 00:50:35,200 --> 00:50:33,560 other planets in the solar system from 1250 00:50:38,380 --> 00:50:35,210 the vantage point of space it's a very 1251 00:50:39,850 --> 00:50:38,390 holistic top-down view and lets us get 1252 00:50:42,250 --> 00:50:39,860 an understanding of the whole earth 1253 00:50:44,410 --> 00:50:42,260 system and doing that now their system 1254 00:50:45,130 --> 00:50:44,420 is quite complex so we have a number of 1255 00:50:47,019 --> 00:50:45,140 number 1256 00:50:49,089 --> 00:50:47,029 systems looking at different components 1257 00:50:50,470 --> 00:50:49,099 of the Earth's system at the same trying 1258 00:50:52,150 --> 00:50:50,480 to try to give us the big picture and 1259 00:50:55,059 --> 00:50:52,160 understand it sort of soup-to-nuts the 1260 00:50:58,059 --> 00:50:55,069 atmosphere the ocean the lands and life 1261 00:51:00,130 --> 00:50:58,069 and how they all interact now 1262 00:51:02,710 --> 00:51:00,140 we've marked on this particular slide 1263 00:51:05,769 --> 00:51:02,720 those missions that are focused on the 1264 00:51:08,349 --> 00:51:05,779 water cycle with a water droplet those 1265 00:51:09,910 --> 00:51:08,359 focusing on carbon with a sea and I want 1266 00:51:12,309 --> 00:51:09,920 to focus on the water cycle in carbon 1267 00:51:15,490 --> 00:51:12,319 cycle as well as climate because these 1268 00:51:18,039 --> 00:51:15,500 are three key elements of our system and 1269 00:51:19,630 --> 00:51:18,049 they're an eco stress sits right at the 1270 00:51:21,099 --> 00:51:19,640 intersection of those those three 1271 00:51:24,210 --> 00:51:21,109 elements the carbon cycle water cycle 1272 00:51:28,059 --> 00:51:24,220 and climate of course we water and 1273 00:51:30,910 --> 00:51:28,069 carbon or key to all life and climate is 1274 00:51:33,730 --> 00:51:30,920 a huge driver of the physical chemical 1275 00:51:35,950 --> 00:51:33,740 and biological elements of our system as 1276 00:51:38,710 --> 00:51:35,960 a specially prime mover for what's going 1277 00:51:40,750 --> 00:51:38,720 on on this on this planet and eco stress 1278 00:51:42,519 --> 00:51:40,760 captures how those three interacts 1279 00:51:47,400 --> 00:51:42,529 essentially the dance of those three key 1280 00:51:49,749 --> 00:51:47,410 elements it's a great integrator and and 1281 00:51:52,499 --> 00:51:49,759 fantastic now I will have you noticed 1282 00:51:55,630 --> 00:51:52,509 that on the water side of the equation 1283 00:51:58,180 --> 00:51:55,640 many of those those those current 1284 00:52:00,519 --> 00:51:58,190 missions are focusing on the supply side 1285 00:52:03,849 --> 00:52:00,529 of the water cycle in other words where 1286 00:52:05,259 --> 00:52:03,859 the water comes from precipitation where 1287 00:52:07,720 --> 00:52:05,269 it is where it's located on the surface 1288 00:52:10,930 --> 00:52:07,730 either at the surface or in the soil or 1289 00:52:13,900 --> 00:52:10,940 perhaps even deep underground eco stress 1290 00:52:15,579 --> 00:52:13,910 its thermal channels are looking at the 1291 00:52:17,109 --> 00:52:15,589 demand for water by plants we're 1292 00:52:19,599 --> 00:52:17,119 capturing the demand side there - 1293 00:52:21,599 --> 00:52:19,609 another key component of eco stress next 1294 00:52:25,150 --> 00:52:21,609 slide please 1295 00:52:26,970 --> 00:52:25,160 and the point of this slide is to say 1296 00:52:29,859 --> 00:52:26,980 that in addition to doing great science 1297 00:52:31,450 --> 00:52:29,869 eco stress is also an applications 1298 00:52:34,150 --> 00:52:31,460 mission even though it's only going to 1299 00:52:37,420 --> 00:52:34,160 be there for a year to your year two 1300 00:52:39,190 --> 00:52:37,430 years relatively short time and during 1301 00:52:41,559 --> 00:52:39,200 that time it will help folks making 1302 00:52:45,220 --> 00:52:41,569 real-time decisions in several areas one 1303 00:52:46,900 --> 00:52:45,230 agriculture farmers need to know where 1304 00:52:49,029 --> 00:52:46,910 to apply water and when to use the water 1305 00:52:52,120 --> 00:52:49,039 most efficiently obviously water 1306 00:52:53,980 --> 00:52:52,130 managers need to know where to use water 1307 00:52:56,289 --> 00:52:53,990 again the minimal amount of water 1308 00:52:58,900 --> 00:52:56,299 necessary at a time of increasing water 1309 00:53:00,880 --> 00:52:58,910 scarcity and also because it's a 1310 00:53:03,069 --> 00:53:00,890 temperature sensor has temperature 1311 00:53:05,109 --> 00:53:03,079 channels on it it will help us 1312 00:53:07,690 --> 00:53:05,119 understand some major natural hazards 1313 00:53:09,910 --> 00:53:07,700 such as droughts and also hot spots from 1314 00:53:11,279 --> 00:53:09,920 fires and volcanoes and then finally 1315 00:53:13,630 --> 00:53:11,289 it's going to give us the big picture 1316 00:53:15,010 --> 00:53:13,640 for all natural resource manager 1317 00:53:16,690 --> 00:53:15,020 stressful natural resource managers to 1318 00:53:18,520 --> 00:53:16,700 help how their systems are doing how the 1319 00:53:19,870 --> 00:53:18,530 Rican systems are doing are they 1320 00:53:22,120 --> 00:53:19,880 stressed or not and for that of course 1321 00:53:24,390 --> 00:53:22,130 it all starts and ends with the plants 1322 00:53:26,740 --> 00:53:24,400 thanks 1323 00:53:33,910 --> 00:53:26,750 so does anybody have any questions for 1324 00:53:36,190 --> 00:53:33,920 Simon or woody thanks Jim Siegel Space 1325 00:53:39,010 --> 00:53:36,200 Flight Insider I'm particularly 1326 00:53:42,400 --> 00:53:39,020 intrigued by it how this can be applied 1327 00:53:46,900 --> 00:53:42,410 to say the average farmer down on earth 1328 00:53:49,870 --> 00:53:46,910 so my understanding was that you have 1329 00:53:51,730 --> 00:53:49,880 echo stress up in the ISS and it can 1330 00:53:55,960 --> 00:53:51,740 look down and look for hotspots and I 1331 00:53:57,760 --> 00:53:55,970 presume that will tell farmers whether 1332 00:53:59,559 --> 00:53:57,770 to increase or decrease the amount of 1333 00:54:04,450 --> 00:53:59,569 water that they're giving their plants 1334 00:54:07,779 --> 00:54:04,460 is that true first yes it's it's true 1335 00:54:10,029 --> 00:54:07,789 basically what will happen is that we 1336 00:54:12,279 --> 00:54:10,039 have partners on the mission from the US 1337 00:54:14,319 --> 00:54:12,289 Department of Agriculture and those 1338 00:54:15,910 --> 00:54:14,329 partners will get the data and work with 1339 00:54:18,279 --> 00:54:15,920 the data that we make publicly available 1340 00:54:20,109 --> 00:54:18,289 to everyone and then they will use that 1341 00:54:23,740 --> 00:54:20,119 to produce products which the farmers 1342 00:54:25,569 --> 00:54:23,750 can then use to look at how much 1343 00:54:28,089 --> 00:54:25,579 evapotranspiration is taking place 1344 00:54:30,549 --> 00:54:28,099 within their fields one of the great 1345 00:54:33,250 --> 00:54:30,559 things about eco stress is it allows us 1346 00:54:35,740 --> 00:54:33,260 to take very detailed pictures and so 1347 00:54:37,690 --> 00:54:35,750 you know we can see variations in 1348 00:54:39,789 --> 00:54:37,700 temperature within a field and so we can 1349 00:54:42,700 --> 00:54:39,799 see the people can see how much water to 1350 00:54:47,740 --> 00:54:42,710 put on the different parts thing I mean 1351 00:54:49,420 --> 00:54:47,750 I can call up somebody and say it's an 1352 00:54:52,690 --> 00:54:49,430 experimental mission that we're trying 1353 00:54:54,849 --> 00:54:52,700 out for one year but what we hope to do 1354 00:54:57,160 --> 00:54:54,859 is in a few months get the products out 1355 00:54:59,260 --> 00:54:57,170 so people can start using them and then 1356 00:55:01,569 --> 00:54:59,270 we should be able to update them more 1357 00:55:03,010 --> 00:55:01,579 frequently say weekly because from a 1358 00:55:05,230 --> 00:55:03,020 farmers point of view you want to know 1359 00:55:06,640 --> 00:55:05,240 how this is changing over a relatively 1360 00:55:08,500 --> 00:55:06,650 short period but it's not in the matter 1361 00:55:11,710 --> 00:55:08,510 of hours it's more in the matter of days 1362 00:55:13,720 --> 00:55:11,720 longer term after eco stress is 1363 00:55:15,790 --> 00:55:13,730 decommissioned or whatever on the on the 1364 00:55:18,130 --> 00:55:15,800 international space station then what 1365 00:55:20,680 --> 00:55:18,140 happens does another piece of equipment 1366 00:55:23,230 --> 00:55:20,690 go up there well we'd certainly like 1367 00:55:24,940 --> 00:55:23,240 that but you know nASA has to decide 1368 00:55:27,370 --> 00:55:24,950 what the next missions are going to be 1369 00:55:28,960 --> 00:55:27,380 and what we hope that is that eco stress 1370 00:55:31,240 --> 00:55:28,970 will just show you how valuable a 1371 00:55:32,620 --> 00:55:31,250 measurement this is and then it will 1372 00:55:34,060 --> 00:55:32,630 continue to make those measurements in 1373 00:55:35,589 --> 00:55:34,070 the future thank you there's something 1374 00:55:37,150 --> 00:55:35,599 called the National Academy puts out 1375 00:55:40,330 --> 00:55:37,160 something called a decade old survey 1376 00:55:42,010 --> 00:55:40,340 which recommends to NASA what types of 1377 00:55:43,660 --> 00:55:42,020 missions they should be flying and we 1378 00:55:46,210 --> 00:55:43,670 just had one come out of the inning of 1379 00:55:47,650 --> 00:55:46,220 this year from the National Academy and 1380 00:55:48,700 --> 00:55:47,660 one of the one of the missions they're 1381 00:55:50,859 --> 00:55:48,710 interested in looking at is a 1382 00:55:53,680 --> 00:55:50,869 multispectral or hyperspectral perhaps 1383 00:55:56,800 --> 00:55:53,690 the thermal instrument and so stay tuned 1384 00:56:04,290 --> 00:55:56,810 there may well be a eco stress follow-on 1385 00:56:10,800 --> 00:56:08,500 Daniel Spinola to blow honey tease my 1386 00:56:13,660 --> 00:56:10,810 question is actually on the flip side of 1387 00:56:15,849 --> 00:56:13,670 that which are looking at and just 1388 00:56:18,130 --> 00:56:15,859 wondering if you look at the other side 1389 00:56:19,930 --> 00:56:18,140 of things where you know where I'm from 1390 00:56:22,900 --> 00:56:19,940 right now there's a lot of landslides 1391 00:56:24,849 --> 00:56:22,910 from too much water and so is there a 1392 00:56:28,630 --> 00:56:24,859 look at the stress of maybe too much 1393 00:56:31,930 --> 00:56:28,640 water on plants in this mission as well 1394 00:56:34,060 --> 00:56:31,940 so we're not doing that in this mission 1395 00:56:35,560 --> 00:56:34,070 but the important thing is that when you 1396 00:56:36,730 --> 00:56:35,570 measure the surface temperature just 1397 00:56:38,349 --> 00:56:36,740 like when you go to the doctors and you 1398 00:56:41,740 --> 00:56:38,359 takes your temperature it's indicative 1399 00:56:43,420 --> 00:56:41,750 of all sorts of ailments and information 1400 00:56:45,520 --> 00:56:43,430 if you look at the surface temperature 1401 00:56:47,650 --> 00:56:45,530 you can see other patterns so you may be 1402 00:56:50,230 --> 00:56:47,660 able to see some patterns that are 1403 00:56:52,180 --> 00:56:50,240 associated with changes of soap that 1404 00:56:54,130 --> 00:56:52,190 might indicate a landslide or something 1405 00:56:57,130 --> 00:56:54,140 like that so these kinds of data have 1406 00:56:59,380 --> 00:56:57,140 been used in the past to to look at 1407 00:57:00,880 --> 00:56:59,390 landslides because you know with a 1408 00:57:02,140 --> 00:57:00,890 temperature measurement you can use it 1409 00:57:04,390 --> 00:57:02,150 to look at all and side you can look at 1410 00:57:06,370 --> 00:57:04,400 a volcano say the volcanoes in Hawaii 1411 00:57:08,380 --> 00:57:06,380 you know you can use it to look at heat 1412 00:57:10,420 --> 00:57:08,390 waves in cities so it's a very versatile 1413 00:57:12,490 --> 00:57:10,430 measurement so you can use it for those 1414 00:57:14,020 --> 00:57:12,500 kinds of things but we're not intending 1415 00:57:17,020 --> 00:57:14,030 to do it with eco stress which is 1416 00:57:19,800 --> 00:57:17,030 focused just on the plant there are a 1417 00:57:24,510 --> 00:57:22,530 I'm cross with Tesla Rotti I had a 1418 00:57:26,130 --> 00:57:24,520 question about the thermal camera could 1419 00:57:29,250 --> 00:57:26,140 you tell us the make and model of the 1420 00:57:30,870 --> 00:57:29,260 thermal camera and also how do you 1421 00:57:33,590 --> 00:57:30,880 ignore the weather the temperature of 1422 00:57:35,610 --> 00:57:33,600 the clouds and rain storms and is this a 1423 00:57:38,190 --> 00:57:35,620 subscription service that you plan on 1424 00:57:40,050 --> 00:57:38,200 providing to farmers so that they don't 1425 00:57:43,350 --> 00:57:40,060 fly drones around equipped with a FLIR 1426 00:57:45,600 --> 00:57:43,360 camera on their own fields that's so 1427 00:57:47,970 --> 00:57:45,610 that was three question questions so 1428 00:57:50,100 --> 00:57:47,980 I'll do my best to get through them so 1429 00:57:52,680 --> 00:57:50,110 the first one in terms of the instrument 1430 00:57:54,510 --> 00:57:52,690 the instrument was designed develops 1431 00:57:56,070 --> 00:57:54,520 built by JPL the Jet Propulsion 1432 00:57:58,980 --> 00:57:56,080 Laboratory which is one of the NASA 1433 00:58:01,020 --> 00:57:58,990 centers so it's a it's a unique custom 1434 00:58:05,190 --> 00:58:01,030 one-of-a-kind instrument that's the 1435 00:58:08,790 --> 00:58:05,200 first thing now well the second two 1436 00:58:11,130 --> 00:58:08,800 questions the subscription service 1437 00:58:13,680 --> 00:58:11,140 question so NASA makes all its data 1438 00:58:17,540 --> 00:58:13,690 freely available and so anyone can go 1439 00:58:19,590 --> 00:58:17,550 and download the data from eco stress 1440 00:58:23,370 --> 00:58:19,600 you know once we've done the initial 1441 00:58:24,600 --> 00:58:23,380 processing so you know anyone can get 1442 00:58:26,670 --> 00:58:24,610 access to the data and that's always 1443 00:58:31,380 --> 00:58:26,680 been a a NASA policy and a very 1444 00:58:35,370 --> 00:58:31,390 important policy for research yes we 1445 00:58:38,190 --> 00:58:35,380 don't see through clouds so we rely on 1446 00:58:39,720 --> 00:58:38,200 the way there being clear and of course 1447 00:58:41,490 --> 00:58:39,730 that's important because what that tells 1448 00:58:43,440 --> 00:58:41,500 you is that you want something that goes 1449 00:58:45,480 --> 00:58:43,450 over fairly frequently so you can see 1450 00:58:47,490 --> 00:58:45,490 between the clouds or when there aren't 1451 00:58:49,170 --> 00:58:47,500 clouds there and so one of the 1452 00:58:51,390 --> 00:58:49,180 advantages of this instrument is because 1453 00:58:53,610 --> 00:58:51,400 it has such a wide swath we get to see 1454 00:58:55,560 --> 00:58:53,620 every few days the other instruments 1455 00:58:57,840 --> 00:58:55,570 don't go over until every two weeks so 1456 00:58:59,550 --> 00:58:57,850 if they if they hit a cloudy cloudy day 1457 00:59:01,590 --> 00:58:59,560 then they don't get to go over for a 1458 00:59:04,230 --> 00:59:01,600 whole month where is because we go over 1459 00:59:05,880 --> 00:59:04,240 fairly frequently we can get 1460 00:59:08,490 --> 00:59:05,890 opportunities to see when it's not 1461 00:59:12,420 --> 00:59:08,500 clouded okay we have time for this one 1462 00:59:14,190 --> 00:59:12,430 more question yeah and you mentioned 1463 00:59:16,290 --> 00:59:14,200 that field of view what what is that 1464 00:59:18,390 --> 00:59:16,300 field of view in miles or kilometers on 1465 00:59:21,240 --> 00:59:18,400 the ground that it can see 400 1466 00:59:23,070 --> 00:59:21,250 kilometers on the ground so it is really 1467 00:59:26,250 --> 00:59:23,080 a wide field of view is plus or minus 25 1468 00:59:28,770 --> 00:59:26,260 degrees there's a lot of information at 1469 00:59:31,170 --> 00:59:28,780 eco stress JPL nasa.gov about the 1470 00:59:33,319 --> 00:59:31,180 instruments and the characteristics but 1471 00:59:35,630 --> 00:59:33,329 it is a very wide field that 1472 00:59:38,620 --> 00:59:35,640 field of view and so you know that's 1473 00:59:41,719 --> 00:59:38,630 what allows us to look so frequently 1474 00:59:43,789 --> 00:59:41,729 well let's thank Simon and woody for 1475 00:59:45,380 --> 00:59:43,799 sharing with us the Eco stress program 1476 00:59:48,609 --> 00:59:45,390 thank you 1477 00:59:52,160 --> 00:59:48,619 [Applause] 1478 00:59:54,079 --> 00:59:52,170 next the be Katz CS investigation will 1479 00:59:55,910 --> 00:59:54,089 study forces between particles that 1480 00:59:58,789 --> 00:59:55,920 cluster together in sediment 1481 01:00:01,190 --> 00:59:58,799 please welcome dr. paulo Lizotte so 1482 01:00:02,870 --> 01:00:01,200 fidgets the principal investigator from 1483 01:00:05,420 --> 01:00:02,880 the University of California Santa 1484 01:00:07,609 --> 01:00:05,430 Barbara and the director of the National 1485 01:00:09,829 --> 01:00:07,619 Science Foundation Division of chemical 1486 01:00:14,589 --> 01:00:09,839 bioengineering environmental and 1487 01:00:18,789 --> 01:00:17,180 director of Seebeck which is the long 1488 01:00:20,809 --> 01:00:18,799 winded 1489 01:00:22,459 --> 01:00:20,819 division that was just mentioned that's 1490 01:00:23,930 --> 01:00:22,469 in the engineering Directorate at the 1491 01:00:26,359 --> 01:00:23,940 National Science Foundation so I'm very 1492 01:00:28,640 --> 01:00:26,369 excited today to talk about our very 1493 01:00:30,739 --> 01:00:28,650 first launch in the engineering 1494 01:00:33,049 --> 01:00:30,749 Directorate which is Paulo's experiment 1495 01:00:35,930 --> 01:00:33,059 so I got a very short prepared statement 1496 01:00:38,390 --> 01:00:35,940 and then Paula Wolfe it's really his 1497 01:00:39,739 --> 01:00:38,400 show today he'll give his talk and then 1498 01:00:43,189 --> 01:00:39,749 I'll be happy to take questions 1499 01:00:44,959 --> 01:00:43,199 afterwards the NSF is a federal agency 1500 01:00:46,599 --> 01:00:44,969 that invests in fundamental research and 1501 01:00:49,519 --> 01:00:46,609 education across science and engineering 1502 01:00:51,829 --> 01:00:49,529 for nearly seven decades NSF has shaped 1503 01:00:53,239 --> 01:00:51,839 the nation scientific enterprise by 1504 01:00:55,130 --> 01:00:53,249 funding innovative research at 1505 01:00:56,719 --> 01:00:55,140 universities and colleges and our 1506 01:00:59,299 --> 01:00:56,729 research facilities around the world 1507 01:01:01,279 --> 01:00:59,309 tomorrow we're launching our very first 1508 01:01:02,930 --> 01:01:01,289 engineering experiment to be performed 1509 01:01:05,299 --> 01:01:02,940 in the microgravity environment at the 1510 01:01:08,599 --> 01:01:05,309 International Space Station National Lab 1511 01:01:10,699 --> 01:01:08,609 thanks to our partnership with cases our 1512 01:01:12,670 --> 01:01:10,709 collaboration with the cases focuses on 1513 01:01:15,109 --> 01:01:12,680 research problems in fluid dynamics 1514 01:01:16,640 --> 01:01:15,119 combustion and tissue engineering and 1515 01:01:18,650 --> 01:01:16,650 this will advance scientific 1516 01:01:20,930 --> 01:01:18,660 understanding lead to future benefits to 1517 01:01:22,999 --> 01:01:20,940 life on Earth so now I'm very pleased to 1518 01:01:24,680 --> 01:01:23,009 introduce Paolo he's the first 1519 01:01:26,420 --> 01:01:24,690 investigator that's sending an 1520 01:01:28,759 --> 01:01:26,430 experiment up he's an assistant 1521 01:01:30,170 --> 01:01:28,769 professor of mechanical engineering at 1522 01:01:35,739 --> 01:01:30,180 the University of California Santa 1523 01:01:38,029 --> 01:01:35,749 Barbara professor Liu Gatto fidgets 1524 01:01:40,039 --> 01:01:38,039 investigates theoretical experimental 1525 01:01:41,749 --> 01:01:40,049 and computational fluid dynamics with 1526 01:01:44,839 --> 01:01:41,759 the eye towards energy production and 1527 01:01:46,970 --> 01:01:44,849 conservation NSF is pleased to find as a 1528 01:01:49,609 --> 01:01:46,980 new project his group's new project 1529 01:01:51,620 --> 01:01:49,619 say on the launch tomorrow that examines 1530 01:01:53,930 --> 01:01:51,630 fundamental dynamics of sediments which 1531 01:01:56,830 --> 01:01:53,940 has implications for lakes rivers and 1532 01:02:00,770 --> 01:01:56,840 oceans around the world so thank you 1533 01:02:03,170 --> 01:02:00,780 thank you so what we're gonna do is 1534 01:02:06,530 --> 01:02:03,180 we're gonna send some sediment toward 1535 01:02:08,240 --> 01:02:06,540 the International Space Station and what 1536 01:02:12,290 --> 01:02:08,250 we're interested in is looking at what 1537 01:02:14,660 --> 01:02:12,300 we call cohesive forces in sediment now 1538 01:02:19,310 --> 01:02:14,670 sediment is made up of clay as well as 1539 01:02:21,260 --> 01:02:19,320 silt and sand and by cohesive forces we 1540 01:02:23,240 --> 01:02:21,270 really mean what makes a sediment 1541 01:02:25,670 --> 01:02:23,250 essentially sticky if you imagine taking 1542 01:02:26,530 --> 01:02:25,680 a handful of mud has some stickiness to 1543 01:02:29,240 --> 01:02:26,540 it 1544 01:02:31,670 --> 01:02:29,250 now these cohesive forces are very 1545 01:02:34,190 --> 01:02:31,680 important to have sediment gets 1546 01:02:37,340 --> 01:02:34,200 transported in the environment and in 1547 01:02:39,440 --> 01:02:37,350 engineering systems however they're very 1548 01:02:41,660 --> 01:02:39,450 weak if you compare them to the force of 1549 01:02:43,760 --> 01:02:41,670 gravity and that means that it can be 1550 01:02:47,410 --> 01:02:43,770 very hard to study them accurately here 1551 01:02:51,859 --> 01:02:47,420 on earth now if we can look at the first 1552 01:02:53,710 --> 01:02:51,869 slide please so this is a picture taking 1553 01:02:57,109 --> 01:02:53,720 with a scanning electron microscope of 1554 01:02:58,940 --> 01:02:57,119 clay and clay is essentially what gives 1555 01:03:01,010 --> 01:02:58,950 you the smallest particles in sediment 1556 01:03:04,700 --> 01:03:01,020 they're a thousandth of a millimeter or 1557 01:03:06,620 --> 01:03:04,710 less across and they're so small that if 1558 01:03:08,599 --> 01:03:06,630 they get close enough to each other they 1559 01:03:11,200 --> 01:03:08,609 can essentially stick to each other 1560 01:03:15,349 --> 01:03:11,210 through what they're essentially 1561 01:03:17,380 --> 01:03:15,359 electrical kind of forces now these 1562 01:03:20,240 --> 01:03:17,390 forces are what we call cohesive forces 1563 01:03:23,000 --> 01:03:20,250 and they depend in some very complicated 1564 01:03:25,160 --> 01:03:23,010 ways on what kind of minerals you have 1565 01:03:26,960 --> 01:03:25,170 in there whether you have any salt in 1566 01:03:30,770 --> 01:03:26,970 there and whether you have maybe any 1567 01:03:33,220 --> 01:03:30,780 man-made contaminants now if we look at 1568 01:03:36,380 --> 01:03:33,230 the next slide please 1569 01:03:38,000 --> 01:03:36,390 so for example if you put clay in salt 1570 01:03:40,460 --> 01:03:38,010 water it is something you can see you 1571 01:03:44,150 --> 01:03:40,470 can get these aggregates which are order 1572 01:03:45,859 --> 01:03:44,160 of 10 microns across and in currents can 1573 01:03:49,040 --> 01:03:45,869 come together and make even larger 1574 01:03:51,740 --> 01:03:49,050 aggregates it is have a huge impact on 1575 01:03:54,440 --> 01:03:51,750 how sediment is transported in the 1576 01:03:57,530 --> 01:03:54,450 environment so for example you can think 1577 01:04:00,890 --> 01:03:57,540 of a river that carries sediment into 1578 01:04:03,140 --> 01:04:00,900 the ocean the cement particles 1579 01:04:06,289 --> 01:04:03,150 will typically come together and make 1580 01:04:09,849 --> 01:04:06,299 aggregates these aggregates will then 1581 01:04:13,009 --> 01:04:09,859 sink more than a hundred times faster 1582 01:04:18,489 --> 01:04:13,019 than the original primary particles 1583 01:04:21,470 --> 01:04:18,499 would have now if the particles do not 1584 01:04:24,859 --> 01:04:21,480 aggregate then they will settle much 1585 01:04:27,470 --> 01:04:24,869 more slowly in a water column which for 1586 01:04:29,779 --> 01:04:27,480 example we mean that light will have a 1587 01:04:34,009 --> 01:04:29,789 very hard time entering the water column 1588 01:04:35,660 --> 01:04:34,019 and so you'll then have that algae for 1589 01:04:38,870 --> 01:04:35,670 example we have a hard time growing and 1590 01:04:42,739 --> 01:04:38,880 that can undercut the food supply in 1591 01:04:45,289 --> 01:04:42,749 your ecosystem so you can ask well how 1592 01:04:49,880 --> 01:04:45,299 do I make an experiment involving 1593 01:04:52,309 --> 01:04:49,890 cohesive sediment well you ideally would 1594 01:04:54,799 --> 01:04:52,319 like to put some sediment in a small 1595 01:04:58,519 --> 01:04:54,809 container and then stir it until you 1596 01:05:00,890 --> 01:04:58,529 break up these aggregates and then you 1597 01:05:02,839 --> 01:05:00,900 like to look as these aggregates form 1598 01:05:04,700 --> 01:05:02,849 again and then from this aggregation 1599 01:05:08,479 --> 01:05:04,710 motion you can deduce back what the 1600 01:05:10,819 --> 01:05:08,489 forces are now that's fine in the ocean 1601 01:05:14,499 --> 01:05:10,829 where you have hundreds of feet where 1602 01:05:17,059 --> 01:05:14,509 the sediment can fall as it aggregates 1603 01:05:19,359 --> 01:05:17,069 however in the lab your sediment could 1604 01:05:22,160 --> 01:05:19,369 quickly reach the bottom of your 1605 01:05:24,769 --> 01:05:22,170 container and so you can only look at 1606 01:05:27,410 --> 01:05:24,779 aggregate over very short timescales in 1607 01:05:29,120 --> 01:05:27,420 the land so that's why we're going to do 1608 01:05:30,890 --> 01:05:29,130 an experiment on the space station 1609 01:05:34,009 --> 01:05:30,900 because you can essentially turn off the 1610 01:05:38,809 --> 01:05:34,019 effects of gravity could we have the 1611 01:05:41,450 --> 01:05:38,819 next slide please so we're sending an 1612 01:05:42,979 --> 01:05:41,460 array of ten small containers that have 1613 01:05:45,950 --> 01:05:42,989 different kinds of minerals in them 1614 01:05:47,569 --> 01:05:45,960 that's the sort of black plate you see 1615 01:05:49,849 --> 01:05:47,579 there in the middle with ten little 1616 01:05:52,160 --> 01:05:49,859 containers on the left you'd have a 1617 01:05:56,479 --> 01:05:52,170 flash which will shine a light through 1618 01:05:58,609 --> 01:05:56,489 the containers and then any aggregates 1619 01:06:01,460 --> 01:05:58,619 will essentially show up as dark or 1620 01:06:03,849 --> 01:06:01,470 darker spots in the images that are 1621 01:06:06,049 --> 01:06:03,859 taken by a camera there on the right and 1622 01:06:09,140 --> 01:06:06,059 here we are fortunately that we get to 1623 01:06:11,450 --> 01:06:09,150 essentially use again a previous set up 1624 01:06:14,660 --> 01:06:11,460 called the B cat which had been used for 1625 01:06:16,880 --> 01:06:14,670 other kinds of colloids predominantly 1626 01:06:19,960 --> 01:06:16,890 man-made engineered coloreds but here 1627 01:06:23,180 --> 01:06:19,970 we're gonna send a natural convoy to the 1628 01:06:25,610 --> 01:06:23,190 space station and I mentioned the 1629 01:06:27,350 --> 01:06:25,620 application involving a river flows and 1630 01:06:30,200 --> 01:06:27,360 estuaries but there are many other 1631 01:06:33,020 --> 01:06:30,210 applications for example where their 1632 01:06:34,940 --> 01:06:33,030 sediment behaves cohesively is very 1633 01:06:38,000 --> 01:06:34,950 important to the transport of any 1634 01:06:40,730 --> 01:06:38,010 contaminants or pollutants that stick to 1635 01:06:42,550 --> 01:06:40,740 the sediment they're also very important 1636 01:06:46,790 --> 01:06:42,560 to the process that give rise to 1637 01:06:48,680 --> 01:06:46,800 ultimately hydrocarbon reservoirs and so 1638 01:06:53,630 --> 01:06:48,690 that can help us for example more 1639 01:06:59,810 --> 01:06:53,640 efficiently map such reservoirs now if I 1640 01:07:03,260 --> 01:06:59,820 can have the final slide please so to 1641 01:07:05,840 --> 01:07:03,270 then the use models from the ISIS 1642 01:07:08,240 --> 01:07:05,850 experiments which we can use for the 1643 01:07:10,550 --> 01:07:08,250 benefit of life on earth what we're 1644 01:07:14,120 --> 01:07:10,560 gonna do is with my colleague Eckert my 1645 01:07:14,480 --> 01:07:14,130 Berg and his group also at UC Santa 1646 01:07:16,340 --> 01:07:14,490 Barbara 1647 01:07:19,700 --> 01:07:16,350 we're gonna run supercomputer 1648 01:07:22,310 --> 01:07:19,710 simulations of these cohesive sediment 1649 01:07:23,870 --> 01:07:22,320 here you you have sediment settling 1650 01:07:27,920 --> 01:07:23,880 under the effect of gravity with 1651 01:07:31,040 --> 01:07:27,930 different degrees of strength for the 1652 01:07:32,570 --> 01:07:31,050 cohesive forces of course we can also 1653 01:07:33,770 --> 01:07:32,580 turn off gravity and then mirror what 1654 01:07:37,240 --> 01:07:33,780 we're going to get on the space station 1655 01:07:40,330 --> 01:07:37,250 and by comparing the simulations to them 1656 01:07:42,770 --> 01:07:40,340 ISS experiments we can then did use 1657 01:07:45,230 --> 01:07:42,780 models for how sediment gets transported 1658 01:07:50,280 --> 01:07:45,240 which then we can use for the benefit of 1659 01:07:50,290 --> 01:07:54,530 so do we have any questions for Paulo 1660 01:08:03,120 --> 01:08:00,990 sir Jim Siegel with fast Space Flight 1661 01:08:05,240 --> 01:08:03,130 Insider could you back up a little bit 1662 01:08:07,980 --> 01:08:05,250 and maybe talk a bigger picture about 1663 01:08:11,280 --> 01:08:07,990 why this is important to life here on 1664 01:08:13,650 --> 01:08:11,290 earth I'm not familiar myself with the 1665 01:08:16,289 --> 01:08:13,660 importance of sediment or how it how it 1666 01:08:18,840 --> 01:08:16,299 affects life or plant growth or whatever 1667 01:08:20,910 --> 01:08:18,850 so what's what's the problem that this 1668 01:08:25,530 --> 01:08:20,920 is trying to solve and how is this going 1669 01:08:29,099 --> 01:08:25,540 to help solve it so for example one way 1670 01:08:32,789 --> 01:08:29,109 that hydrocarbon deposits can form is by 1671 01:08:33,630 --> 01:08:32,799 having this particular kind of what 1672 01:08:36,900 --> 01:08:33,640 they're essentially underwater 1673 01:08:40,050 --> 01:08:36,910 avalanches of sediment form these are 1674 01:08:42,690 --> 01:08:40,060 called turbidity currents and once they 1675 01:08:47,539 --> 01:08:42,700 form a deposit over time that can lead 1676 01:08:49,680 --> 01:08:47,549 to a hydrocarbon reservoir now the 1677 01:08:50,309 --> 01:08:49,690 process of understanding the geology of 1678 01:08:52,019 --> 01:08:50,319 something like that 1679 01:08:54,420 --> 01:08:52,029 has a lot to do with essentially 1680 01:08:55,079 --> 01:08:54,430 understanding their history the fluid 1681 01:08:57,570 --> 01:08:55,089 mechanics 1682 01:08:59,640 --> 01:08:57,580 that led to the formation of this of the 1683 01:09:04,650 --> 01:08:59,650 structure that then we see today and 1684 01:09:06,269 --> 01:09:04,660 then we can through these models we can 1685 01:09:08,370 --> 01:09:06,279 for example develop criteria for the 1686 01:09:10,050 --> 01:09:08,380 initiation of these underwater 1687 01:09:12,480 --> 01:09:10,060 avalanches and then how they will 1688 01:09:14,099 --> 01:09:12,490 actually propagate and and what 1689 01:09:18,660 --> 01:09:14,109 structure the deposit will ultimately 1690 01:09:21,059 --> 01:09:18,670 have and so for example in practice that 1691 01:09:25,019 --> 01:09:21,069 could mean that you'll be able to much 1692 01:09:26,999 --> 01:09:25,029 more quickly infer what the morphology 1693 01:09:30,599 --> 01:09:27,009 of the deposit is so you'd have to drill 1694 01:09:32,280 --> 01:09:30,609 fewer exploratory wells when you drill a 1695 01:09:34,380 --> 01:09:32,290 well it can be the of the cost of the 1696 01:09:40,200 --> 01:09:34,390 order of tens of millions of dollars or 1697 01:09:43,470 --> 01:09:40,210 more and drilling fewer wells is say the 1698 01:09:47,099 --> 01:09:43,480 money in also saving environmental risk 1699 01:10:02,939 --> 01:09:48,870 doesn't anybody else have a question for 1700 01:10:05,520 --> 01:10:02,949 Paulo or Richard back here please what a 1701 01:10:08,209 --> 01:10:05,530 potential future application of your 1702 01:10:10,919 --> 01:10:08,219 results be to actually introduce 1703 01:10:12,720 --> 01:10:10,929 something to cause an aggregate in a 1704 01:10:15,840 --> 01:10:12,730 water supply where the sunlight was not 1705 01:10:19,020 --> 01:10:15,850 creating algae yes that's very good 1706 01:10:21,600 --> 01:10:19,030 that's very good example you already use 1707 01:10:22,979 --> 01:10:21,610 for example for water treatment so this 1708 01:10:25,350 --> 01:10:22,989 is an engineering application there are 1709 01:10:28,560 --> 01:10:25,360 ages that are added called flocculants 1710 01:10:32,030 --> 01:10:28,570 to help undesirable substances settle 1711 01:10:35,010 --> 01:10:32,040 quickly this will essentially give as a 1712 01:10:37,709 --> 01:10:35,020 general treatment of how these kind of 1713 01:10:44,300 --> 01:10:37,719 agents could work in an environmental 1714 01:10:53,669 --> 01:10:52,470 please hi John Taylor with geekify um 1715 01:10:55,830 --> 01:10:53,679 can you tell us more about the samples 1716 01:10:57,510 --> 01:10:55,840 that you selected why the sizes the 1717 01:11:00,540 --> 01:10:57,520 sediment types a little bit more about 1718 01:11:04,050 --> 01:11:00,550 the materials themselves so there was a 1719 01:11:08,310 --> 01:11:04,060 big part of our experiments that we ran 1720 01:11:10,410 --> 01:11:08,320 here on earth before sending the samples 1721 01:11:12,000 --> 01:11:10,420 up as I mentioned here the setup we were 1722 01:11:13,859 --> 01:11:12,010 lucky enough to be able to use a game 1723 01:11:15,770 --> 01:11:13,869 one that was already in place so that 1724 01:11:19,109 --> 01:11:15,780 was the main challenge to choose what 1725 01:11:21,359 --> 01:11:19,119 what samples to send this is essentially 1726 01:11:24,620 --> 01:11:21,369 what we found was the area that was 1727 01:11:28,530 --> 01:11:24,630 likely to give us the strongest payoff 1728 01:11:29,729 --> 01:11:28,540 in terms of the science there are many 1729 01:11:30,780 --> 01:11:29,739 different things we want investigate the 1730 01:11:34,560 --> 01:11:30,790 effects of the minerals the effects of 1731 01:11:35,760 --> 01:11:34,570 the salt we were fortunate that we 1732 01:11:37,530 --> 01:11:35,770 seemed to have made quite out of 1733 01:11:40,530 --> 01:11:37,540 progress on the effect of the salinity 1734 01:11:42,000 --> 01:11:40,540 for example I read you on earth and so 1735 01:11:44,640 --> 01:11:42,010 we're going to primarily focus on the 1736 01:11:48,359 --> 01:11:44,650 effect of the different minerals for 1737 01:11:49,979 --> 01:11:48,369 this mission ok well let's thank Paulo 1738 01:11:52,940 --> 01:11:49,989 and Richard for sharing a little bit 1739 01:12:00,120 --> 01:11:57,510 and sometimes refer to as the new hand 1740 01:12:02,100 --> 01:12:00,130 our final speaker today comes to us from 1741 01:12:04,140 --> 01:12:02,110 the Canadian Space Agency and will share 1742 01:12:07,230 --> 01:12:04,150 with us the updates to the new latching 1743 01:12:09,960 --> 01:12:07,240 end effector on Canada arm to the 1744 01:12:12,810 --> 01:12:09,970 Canadian robot arm aboard the ISS please 1745 01:12:16,680 --> 01:12:12,820 welcome CAD pol Walski Canadian ISS 1746 01:12:18,060 --> 01:12:16,690 program manager thanks Rick so I'm here 1747 01:12:19,650 --> 01:12:18,070 to talk to you about actually a number 1748 01:12:21,330 --> 01:12:19,660 of Canadian interests that we have in 1749 01:12:23,520 --> 01:12:21,340 this mission so I'm going to talk a 1750 01:12:24,840 --> 01:12:23,530 little bit about science I'll talk about 1751 01:12:27,180 --> 01:12:24,850 our next crew flight that we're gonna 1752 01:12:28,470 --> 01:12:27,190 have a Canadian crew member I'll talk a 1753 01:12:30,270 --> 01:12:28,480 little bit about the operations the 1754 01:12:32,820 --> 01:12:30,280 space the robotics operations that we're 1755 01:12:33,930 --> 01:12:32,830 required to support SpaceX 15 and then 1756 01:12:36,420 --> 01:12:33,940 I'll finish up with talking about the 1757 01:12:39,060 --> 01:12:36,430 latching end effector so on the science 1758 01:12:41,300 --> 01:12:39,070 side of things Canadian science is 1759 01:12:45,150 --> 01:12:41,310 highly focused on humans human health 1760 01:12:46,290 --> 01:12:45,160 sciences and at crew performance so we 1761 01:12:47,940 --> 01:12:46,300 have a number of experiments that are 1762 01:12:51,150 --> 01:12:47,950 going on on the station that was go over 1763 01:12:53,430 --> 01:12:51,160 on a long-term multiple crew members 1764 01:12:55,860 --> 01:12:53,440 multiple samples one of the things that 1765 01:12:58,200 --> 01:12:55,870 we like about the SpaceX vehicle is it 1766 01:13:00,720 --> 01:12:58,210 has the ability to return stuff back to 1767 01:13:02,460 --> 01:13:00,730 the ground so coming back on spacex 15 1768 01:13:04,260 --> 01:13:02,470 we're gonna have some of the blood and 1769 01:13:05,460 --> 01:13:04,270 plasma samples that will coming back 1770 01:13:06,840 --> 01:13:05,470 from those experiments that's gonna be 1771 01:13:10,800 --> 01:13:06,850 very valuable to us and supporting our 1772 01:13:12,960 --> 01:13:10,810 science and you know our focus on human 1773 01:13:15,420 --> 01:13:12,970 health sciences is basically very 1774 01:13:17,940 --> 01:13:15,430 portable to our applications on earth we 1775 01:13:19,170 --> 01:13:17,950 like to look at things like the vascular 1776 01:13:21,510 --> 01:13:19,180 disease those kind of things that affect 1777 01:13:22,680 --> 01:13:21,520 our society we also look at it from a 1778 01:13:24,120 --> 01:13:22,690 crew performance point of view because 1779 01:13:27,270 --> 01:13:24,130 when we go to Mars and you'll notice 1780 01:13:28,830 --> 01:13:27,280 that I said when not if when we go to 1781 01:13:30,450 --> 01:13:28,840 Mars we want to be able to optimize crew 1782 01:13:32,100 --> 01:13:30,460 performance and be able to have crew on 1783 01:13:34,350 --> 01:13:32,110 board that are gonna be able to best do 1784 01:13:37,910 --> 01:13:34,360 those missions so that's the science 1785 01:13:41,430 --> 01:13:37,920 side of things from a crew point of view 1786 01:13:44,640 --> 01:13:41,440 coming up in December we'll be launching 1787 01:13:47,480 --> 01:13:44,650 on expedition 58 59 David saint-jacques 1788 01:13:49,830 --> 01:13:47,490 so that is going to be our third 1789 01:13:52,320 --> 01:13:49,840 long-duration spaceflight opportunity 1790 01:13:55,260 --> 01:13:52,330 for Canada so that's gonna be a pretty 1791 01:13:58,140 --> 01:13:55,270 big deal for us one of the things that 1792 01:13:59,730 --> 01:13:58,150 connects his mission to SpaceX 15 is 1793 01:14:01,200 --> 01:13:59,740 he's actually gonna be launching some of 1794 01:14:03,960 --> 01:14:01,210 his requested food items are gonna be 1795 01:14:05,250 --> 01:14:03,970 going up on SpaceX 15 so we actually got 1796 01:14:06,720 --> 01:14:05,260 I think on on this 1797 01:14:08,069 --> 01:14:06,730 ts a Twitter account last night we got a 1798 01:14:10,950 --> 01:14:08,079 question about whether maple syrup was 1799 01:14:12,419 --> 01:14:10,960 flying up so I don't think it's actually 1800 01:14:14,549 --> 01:14:12,429 flying up on this flight it might be 1801 01:14:17,339 --> 01:14:14,559 flying up on a subsequent flight however 1802 01:14:20,370 --> 01:14:17,349 there is maple smoked salmon crab 1803 01:14:22,439 --> 01:14:20,380 lobster so I don't think dove it is a 1804 01:14:24,899 --> 01:14:22,449 big red meat guy I think he likes his 1805 01:14:26,339 --> 01:14:24,909 fish so that's going up on SpaceX 15 so 1806 01:14:28,609 --> 01:14:26,349 we're looking forward to that mission 1807 01:14:31,109 --> 01:14:28,619 coming that's gonna be a big deal for us 1808 01:14:33,720 --> 01:14:31,119 next I wanted to talk about some of the 1809 01:14:34,890 --> 01:14:33,730 robotics operations so SpaceX 15 is 1810 01:14:36,149 --> 01:14:34,900 going to be a vehicle that flies up the 1811 01:14:38,580 --> 01:14:36,159 station it doesn't actually talk to the 1812 01:14:41,000 --> 01:14:38,590 space station so what we do is we do a 1813 01:14:42,979 --> 01:14:41,010 free flyer capture using the canadarm2 1814 01:14:45,839 --> 01:14:42,989 using canadarm2 1815 01:14:50,100 --> 01:14:45,849 this is actually going to be our 30th 1816 01:14:52,350 --> 01:14:50,110 vehicle that we capture and basically 1817 01:14:55,020 --> 01:14:52,360 the the Dragon capsule will fly up close 1818 01:14:57,419 --> 01:14:55,030 to station get to about 10 meters about 1819 01:14:58,439 --> 01:14:57,429 30 feet and then with a crew member on 1820 01:15:00,509 --> 01:14:58,449 board will actually reach out with 1821 01:15:03,270 --> 01:15:00,519 Canada arm to grapple the vehicle while 1822 01:15:05,370 --> 01:15:03,280 flying at you know 25,000 kilometers per 1823 01:15:06,419 --> 01:15:05,380 hour and then secure the vehicle and 1824 01:15:07,740 --> 01:15:06,429 then we'll maneuver that vehicle and 1825 01:15:09,600 --> 01:15:07,750 berth it to the station and then we can 1826 01:15:11,279 --> 01:15:09,610 start the process of unloading it so 1827 01:15:13,020 --> 01:15:11,289 that's one important part of it but also 1828 01:15:15,270 --> 01:15:13,030 we then continue the operations with our 1829 01:15:16,799 --> 01:15:15,280 other robotic system which is dexter the 1830 01:15:18,689 --> 01:15:16,809 two-armed robot that we do maintenance 1831 01:15:20,250 --> 01:15:18,699 on the space station with and then we 1832 01:15:21,839 --> 01:15:20,260 actually go in and unload the payloads 1833 01:15:23,939 --> 01:15:21,849 that are in the trunk of the vehicle and 1834 01:15:25,140 --> 01:15:23,949 then we bring those onto onto station 1835 01:15:27,120 --> 01:15:25,150 move them around different parts of 1836 01:15:28,859 --> 01:15:27,130 station shuffle all those payloads 1837 01:15:29,850 --> 01:15:28,869 around and then at the end of the day we 1838 01:15:31,799 --> 01:15:29,860 have to bring at the end of the mission 1839 01:15:33,060 --> 01:15:31,809 we have to bring payloads that are now 1840 01:15:34,620 --> 01:15:33,070 going to be de manifested from the 1841 01:15:36,569 --> 01:15:34,630 station and gonna be returned for 1842 01:15:38,100 --> 01:15:36,579 destructive reentry into that trunk and 1843 01:15:41,669 --> 01:15:38,110 basically reload the trunk so they can 1844 01:15:43,109 --> 01:15:41,679 go back into the atmosphere so that's 1845 01:15:44,520 --> 01:15:43,119 the operations side of things so space 1846 01:15:45,959 --> 01:15:44,530 or space robotics that plays a pretty 1847 01:15:48,450 --> 01:15:45,969 critical role in terms of supporting 1848 01:15:50,129 --> 01:15:48,460 these missions we're also going to when 1849 01:15:51,750 --> 01:15:50,139 we release that vehicle I think this 1850 01:15:54,149 --> 01:15:51,760 time around we're going to our plan is 1851 01:15:56,549 --> 01:15:54,159 gonna be our third planned ground 1852 01:15:59,009 --> 01:15:56,559 control release of a vehicle so this is 1853 01:16:00,930 --> 01:15:59,019 a relatively new thing for us we tried 1854 01:16:03,089 --> 01:16:00,940 that back on SpaceX 13 but we're very 1855 01:16:04,890 --> 01:16:03,099 well made that nominal for SpaceX 14 and 1856 01:16:06,149 --> 01:16:04,900 now subsequent SpaceX flights will be 1857 01:16:09,569 --> 01:16:06,159 looking at the other vehicles that we 1858 01:16:11,279 --> 01:16:09,579 capture as well to do that it's just a 1859 01:16:13,229 --> 01:16:11,289 point about how we continue to push 1860 01:16:15,299 --> 01:16:13,239 forward and evolve and continue to look 1861 01:16:17,490 --> 01:16:15,309 at how we do robotics operations and how 1862 01:16:18,839 --> 01:16:17,500 we can do things more efficiently and as 1863 01:16:20,520 --> 01:16:18,849 we do that we're actually 1864 01:16:24,029 --> 01:16:20,530 bringing up crew time and then that crew 1865 01:16:25,560 --> 01:16:24,039 time is then applied to science so the 1866 01:16:28,349 --> 01:16:25,570 last thing I wanted to mention was our 1867 01:16:30,239 --> 01:16:28,359 latching end effector so you know 1868 01:16:32,639 --> 01:16:30,249 certainly not last but certainly not 1869 01:16:35,520 --> 01:16:32,649 least the latching end effector is 1870 01:16:38,310 --> 01:16:35,530 really or the Lee is the business end of 1871 01:16:39,839 --> 01:16:38,320 the canadarm2 so on the canadarm2 we 1872 01:16:42,839 --> 01:16:39,849 actually have one of these latching in 1873 01:16:45,060 --> 01:16:42,849 effectors on each end of the arm now 1874 01:16:49,080 --> 01:16:45,070 that allows us to grapple payloads it 1875 01:16:50,520 --> 01:16:49,090 allows us to capture vehicles it also 1876 01:16:53,159 --> 01:16:50,530 allows us to connect the different 1877 01:16:55,049 --> 01:16:53,169 attachment points on the station and it 1878 01:16:57,389 --> 01:16:55,059 allows us to make a structural power 1879 01:16:59,219 --> 01:16:57,399 data and video connection there so we 1880 01:17:00,540 --> 01:16:59,229 think that we can then effectively use 1881 01:17:02,310 --> 01:17:00,550 the other end of the arm as the base 1882 01:17:04,500 --> 01:17:02,320 that allows the arm to be able to walk 1883 01:17:06,089 --> 01:17:04,510 around the station so clearly a latching 1884 01:17:07,919 --> 01:17:06,099 end effector is very important to us and 1885 01:17:09,299 --> 01:17:07,929 because they're so important so critical 1886 01:17:10,619 --> 01:17:09,309 to how we use the system and because 1887 01:17:12,750 --> 01:17:10,629 we're so mobile and what we need to do 1888 01:17:14,339 --> 01:17:12,760 with their system we've put a lot of 1889 01:17:16,049 --> 01:17:14,349 wear and tear on that system now we've 1890 01:17:18,149 --> 01:17:16,059 had a very good run with the canadarm2 1891 01:17:20,580 --> 01:17:18,159 in terms of nearly 17 years of 1892 01:17:22,679 --> 01:17:20,590 operations without any real major issues 1893 01:17:24,659 --> 01:17:22,689 however we did get to that point where 1894 01:17:26,669 --> 01:17:24,669 it's like when you you know if you if 1895 01:17:27,899 --> 01:17:26,679 you meet a trades person and you and you 1896 01:17:29,759 --> 01:17:27,909 shake their hands you kind of realize 1897 01:17:33,389 --> 01:17:29,769 that their hands kind of go through a 1898 01:17:35,310 --> 01:17:33,399 lot of hardship so after about 17 years 1899 01:17:36,629 --> 01:17:35,320 of operations we were starting to notice 1900 01:17:38,159 --> 01:17:36,639 that we were having a little bit of a 1901 01:17:40,739 --> 01:17:38,169 trouble with our hands getting a little 1902 01:17:42,540 --> 01:17:40,749 bit arthritic if you will so we had 1903 01:17:43,979 --> 01:17:42,550 planned to start changing out one of the 1904 01:17:48,060 --> 01:17:43,989 latching end effectors on the canadarm2 1905 01:17:50,009 --> 01:17:48,070 and actually back last fall in 2017 we 1906 01:17:52,529 --> 01:17:50,019 happen to have a failure on the other 1907 01:17:53,429 --> 01:17:52,539 one so luckily we have spares on 1908 01:17:56,009 --> 01:17:53,439 vailable on-orbit 1909 01:17:57,509 --> 01:17:56,019 did two spacewalks back in October 1910 01:17:59,489 --> 01:17:57,519 changed out one of the latching end 1911 01:18:00,989 --> 01:17:59,499 effectors on the canadarm2 and then in 1912 01:18:03,089 --> 01:18:00,999 February we actually made the decision 1913 01:18:05,399 --> 01:18:03,099 to change the other one so the good news 1914 01:18:06,989 --> 01:18:05,409 with that is that canadarm2 has two 1915 01:18:07,979 --> 01:18:06,999 perfectly functional latching and 1916 01:18:08,790 --> 01:18:07,989 effectors everything is working very 1917 01:18:11,129 --> 01:18:08,800 well there 1918 01:18:12,719 --> 01:18:11,139 that went exceptionally well for us now 1919 01:18:14,609 --> 01:18:12,729 the trick is is we want to launch this 1920 01:18:16,549 --> 01:18:14,619 new latching end effector and put that 1921 01:18:18,779 --> 01:18:16,559 on station to have an available spare 1922 01:18:20,339 --> 01:18:18,789 because we do the assembly the 1923 01:18:21,750 --> 01:18:20,349 maintenance operations because we do the 1924 01:18:24,479 --> 01:18:21,760 resupply of the station with the space 1925 01:18:25,830 --> 01:18:24,489 robotics and it's a critical system we 1926 01:18:27,449 --> 01:18:25,840 always want to be able to protect for 1927 01:18:28,859 --> 01:18:27,459 failure so if we get anything any kind 1928 01:18:30,540 --> 01:18:28,869 of random failure or any kind of issue 1929 01:18:31,760 --> 01:18:30,550 that pops up we want to have that 1930 01:18:34,100 --> 01:18:31,770 available spare 1931 01:18:36,380 --> 01:18:34,110 orbit and and ready for us to swap that 1932 01:18:40,250 --> 01:18:36,390 in if we need it and I guess the last 1933 01:18:41,750 --> 01:18:40,260 point I'll make is SpaceX 15 is also 1934 01:18:43,610 --> 01:18:41,760 going to be critical for us and remember 1935 01:18:44,930 --> 01:18:43,620 I said that we like SpaceX or we like 1936 01:18:46,400 --> 01:18:44,940 the dragon vehicles because we can get 1937 01:18:48,470 --> 01:18:46,410 stuff back out down on the ground 1938 01:18:51,530 --> 01:18:48,480 well the failed latching end effector 1939 01:18:52,880 --> 01:18:51,540 that we changed out back in October we 1940 01:18:54,740 --> 01:18:52,890 actually brought that inside the space 1941 01:18:56,240 --> 01:18:54,750 station and we are going to be able to 1942 01:18:57,680 --> 01:18:56,250 squeeze that into this into the Dragon 1943 01:19:00,110 --> 01:18:57,690 capsule and then return that to earth 1944 01:19:01,940 --> 01:19:00,120 we'll get that back back down on the 1945 01:19:04,700 --> 01:19:01,950 ground we'll fly that back up to Ontario 1946 01:19:06,320 --> 01:19:04,710 Canada our prime contractor will put an 1947 01:19:08,540 --> 01:19:06,330 air comput they're capable hand hands 1948 01:19:09,740 --> 01:19:08,550 MacDonald Dettwiler associates they're 1949 01:19:11,720 --> 01:19:09,750 gonna refurbish that latching end 1950 01:19:13,460 --> 01:19:11,730 effector and then basically with that 1951 01:19:15,590 --> 01:19:13,470 we'll have an available subsequent 1952 01:19:17,990 --> 01:19:15,600 available spare that we can use and that 1953 01:19:23,900 --> 01:19:18,000 allows us to plan for going to 2024 and 1954 01:19:30,440 --> 01:19:23,910 hopefully beyond that does anybody have 1955 01:19:32,120 --> 01:19:30,450 any questions for Ken here please when 1956 01:19:34,010 --> 01:19:32,130 you talked about the ground control 1957 01:19:35,990 --> 01:19:34,020 release that started on Cirrus 13 was 1958 01:19:37,310 --> 01:19:36,000 there anything on the arm side any 1959 01:19:38,960 --> 01:19:37,320 software or anything from the arm 1960 01:19:41,240 --> 01:19:38,970 perspective that had to change or was 1961 01:19:45,710 --> 01:19:41,250 that all station ground communication 1962 01:19:48,320 --> 01:19:45,720 side it's a little bit of both so I mean 1963 01:19:50,390 --> 01:19:48,330 in general we have actually we 1964 01:19:51,800 --> 01:19:50,400 architected the entire mobile servicing 1965 01:19:52,610 --> 01:19:51,810 system so all of our robotics suite 1966 01:19:54,650 --> 01:19:52,620 that's on the station 1967 01:19:55,970 --> 01:19:54,660 we've probably changed just about 1968 01:19:57,650 --> 01:19:55,980 everything about it in terms of how we 1969 01:20:00,020 --> 01:19:57,660 operate and occur and the code that we 1970 01:20:01,280 --> 01:20:00,030 use to do that one of the big changes 1971 01:20:02,870 --> 01:20:01,290 that we did was to implement ground 1972 01:20:04,580 --> 01:20:02,880 control the original design of the 1973 01:20:07,790 --> 01:20:04,590 system the original concept it was all 1974 01:20:10,130 --> 01:20:07,800 going to be crew operated once we got 1975 01:20:11,690 --> 01:20:10,140 into doing that and we saw what the 1976 01:20:13,430 --> 01:20:11,700 potentials were we actually changed the 1977 01:20:14,960 --> 01:20:13,440 software and how we use the system and 1978 01:20:16,370 --> 01:20:14,970 then started to implement ground control 1979 01:20:17,780 --> 01:20:16,380 with that we have to put in all the 1980 01:20:19,070 --> 01:20:17,790 different safety protocols so it's a 1981 01:20:20,960 --> 01:20:19,080 combination of changes to the software 1982 01:20:22,610 --> 01:20:20,970 changes to how we actually do the 1983 01:20:23,990 --> 01:20:22,620 commanding from the ground and then of 1984 01:20:25,580 --> 01:20:24,000 course the communications infrastructure 1985 01:20:26,990 --> 01:20:25,590 and how we do that to be able to put 1986 01:20:28,610 --> 01:20:27,000 that together so it's really a 1987 01:20:30,500 --> 01:20:28,620 combination of all those pieces that 1988 01:20:35,270 --> 01:20:30,510 allow us to be able to do things like a 1989 01:20:41,540 --> 01:20:39,410 I think I forgot to call my graphics I 1990 01:20:43,220 --> 01:20:41,550 think I have one slide up there with the 1991 01:20:44,720 --> 01:20:43,230 latching end effector sure we can bring 1992 01:20:50,540 --> 01:20:44,730 that up you bring that up over looking 1993 01:20:52,339 --> 01:20:50,550 for questions some of those graphics did 1994 01:21:01,520 --> 01:20:52,349 come up while you were speaking oh good 1995 01:21:03,229 --> 01:21:01,530 I'm glad people were thinking so you 1996 01:21:05,839 --> 01:21:03,239 mentioned some of the food that's going 1997 01:21:08,209 --> 01:21:05,849 up on this mission for for the astronaut 1998 01:21:11,750 --> 01:21:08,219 in December I'm kind of curious about 1999 01:21:14,540 --> 01:21:11,760 the the form that some of some of that 2000 01:21:19,669 --> 01:21:14,550 food takes is it freeze-dried or is it 2001 01:21:20,839 --> 01:21:19,679 in a pouch that's warmed up or I think 2002 01:21:22,819 --> 01:21:20,849 you pretty much hit the answer there 2003 01:21:25,100 --> 01:21:22,829 it's usually dehydrated sometimes 2004 01:21:27,979 --> 01:21:25,110 freeze-dried almost always contains 2005 01:21:29,330 --> 01:21:27,989 individually contained and packaged they 2006 01:21:30,589 --> 01:21:29,340 portion it out in a couple different 2007 01:21:33,200 --> 01:21:30,599 ways so sometimes it's resealable 2008 01:21:36,080 --> 01:21:33,210 usually I think it's one-off one-off 2009 01:21:37,129 --> 01:21:36,090 portions thank you okay we have time for 2010 01:21:41,810 --> 01:21:37,139 this one more question 2011 01:21:43,640 --> 01:21:41,820 go back question so you mentioned 2012 01:21:45,169 --> 01:21:43,650 robotics and focused a lot on canadarm2 2013 01:21:46,549 --> 01:21:45,179 but I think I'd be remiss if I didn't 2014 01:21:49,370 --> 01:21:46,559 ask how is Dexter doing 2015 01:21:51,500 --> 01:21:49,380 Dexter's actually doing quite well we 2016 01:21:53,359 --> 01:21:51,510 launched extra in 2008 so we we don't 2017 01:21:55,939 --> 01:21:53,369 have we don't yet have the same concerns 2018 01:21:57,319 --> 01:21:55,949 about its latching end effector one 2019 01:21:58,609 --> 01:21:57,329 thing I mentioned you know I said we've 2020 01:22:00,859 --> 01:21:58,619 got a latching end effector on each on 2021 01:22:02,089 --> 01:22:00,869 either end of the canadarm2 we've also 2022 01:22:03,589 --> 01:22:02,099 got a latching end effector on our 2023 01:22:04,700 --> 01:22:03,599 mobile based system that travels up and 2024 01:22:06,470 --> 01:22:04,710 down the main thrust of the space 2025 01:22:08,419 --> 01:22:06,480 station and we've got a latching end 2026 01:22:10,040 --> 01:22:08,429 effector on Dexter 2027 01:22:12,229 --> 01:22:10,050 so Dexter's latching end effector is 2028 01:22:14,270 --> 01:22:12,239 doing quite well we do expect that you 2029 01:22:14,810 --> 01:22:14,280 know as we use that system quite a bit 2030 01:22:16,250 --> 01:22:14,820 as well 2031 01:22:17,870 --> 01:22:16,260 we'll get to the point where we'll have 2032 01:22:19,520 --> 01:22:17,880 enough cycles on it that we'll start to 2033 01:22:21,470 --> 01:22:19,530 really kind of closely follow the 2034 01:22:23,029 --> 01:22:21,480 performance there and look at how things 2035 01:22:24,589 --> 01:22:23,039 are performance from performing from a 2036 01:22:25,760 --> 01:22:24,599 friction point of view and such which 2037 01:22:29,270 --> 01:22:25,770 are kind of the indicators that we were 2038 01:22:32,149 --> 01:22:29,280 following with the canadarm2 these other 2039 01:22:34,100 --> 01:22:32,159 than that we've had some minor issues 2040 01:22:36,080 --> 01:22:34,110 with the hands on Dexter Dexter uses 2041 01:22:38,450 --> 01:22:36,090 smaller hands because it does much more 2042 01:22:40,430 --> 01:22:38,460 precise and dexterous work in terms of 2043 01:22:42,290 --> 01:22:40,440 operating with the avionics and computer 2044 01:22:44,689 --> 01:22:42,300 boxes and batteries and such on the 2045 01:22:46,549 --> 01:22:44,699 outside of the space station but it's 2046 01:22:49,250 --> 01:22:46,559 actually doing very very well 2047 01:22:51,050 --> 01:22:49,260 overall I would dare say that 2048 01:22:53,360 --> 01:22:51,060 we've gotten exceptional performance out 2049 01:22:55,190 --> 01:22:53,370 of our space robotics just because 17 2050 01:22:57,140 --> 01:22:55,200 years into the game for a system that 2051 01:22:59,920 --> 01:22:57,150 was designed for you know a ten year 2052 01:23:02,780 --> 01:22:59,930 operational life 15 years on orbit and 2053 01:23:04,130 --> 01:23:02,790 with issue the very few issues that 2054 01:23:06,530 --> 01:23:04,140 we've had I think our biggest problems 2055 01:23:08,570 --> 01:23:06,540 is really about cameras we've changed a 2056 01:23:10,880 --> 01:23:08,580 number of cameras we've got new cameras 2057 01:23:12,590 --> 01:23:10,890 in the works and those are actually very 2058 01:23:14,479 --> 01:23:12,600 nice because we can actually change them 2059 01:23:16,880 --> 01:23:14,489 out robotically so that's a case where 2060 01:23:19,190 --> 01:23:16,890 you're using our own robots to fix our 2061 01:23:22,100 --> 01:23:19,200 own robots so it works actually it's 2062 01:23:23,780 --> 01:23:22,110 it's kind of the ideal scenario well 2063 01:23:30,890 --> 01:23:23,790 thank you Ken for sharing with us today 2064 01:23:33,140 --> 01:23:30,900 and we really appreciate it so this 2065 01:23:35,120 --> 01:23:33,150 concludes our what's onboard briefing I 2066 01:23:36,770 --> 01:23:35,130 would like to thank all of you for being 2067 01:23:38,900 --> 01:23:36,780 here and also for all our presenters who 2068 01:23:41,000 --> 01:23:38,910 shared with you their impact on our 2069 01:23:44,960 --> 01:23:41,010 mission if you'd like to follow the 2070 01:23:48,170 --> 01:23:44,970 launch activities please go to WWN assay 2071 01:23:51,530 --> 01:23:48,180 gov backslash space X for all launch 2072 01:23:54,260 --> 01:23:51,540 activities and coming up next at 12:45 2073 01:23:55,820 --> 01:23:54,270 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time on NASA TV 2074 01:23:58,250 --> 01:23:55,830 we'll be having our pre-launch news